This literature review addresses the effectiveness and safety of long-acting antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia. The results of randomized trials of recent years are described in detail. The efficacy of taking drugs at the following key research points was examined: the general clinical impression of the severity of the condition (CGI-S), the general clinical impression of the change in state during treatment (CGI-I), and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, elibrary, and other databases.

Objective: in women over 35 years of age, there is a progressive and age-related decline in fertility, which is due to multiple consequences, including a decrease in follicular reserve. Cytokines play a role, mediating the interaction between oocytes and other cells. In addition, there is a change in the expression of mRNA of a number of genes, leading to a decrease in the ability to bear children. The goal is to highlight the problem of reducing fertility in women of older reproductive age.

Materials and methods: medLine, Pubmed, RISC, etc.

Results: analysis of literature data shows that fertility decline is determined by a combination of physiological, molecular and genetic factors that play an increasing role as we age.

Conclusion: the development of modern technology can solve the problem of infertility in the vast majority of cases. However, the lack of effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for women over 35 years of age requires optimizing a care strategy for these women.

Purpose: to develop an effective and affordable method for a practical doctor to predict the development of bacterial pneumonia in patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.

Materials and methods: to develop a method for predicting bacterial pneumonia in patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, a continuous group of 247 patients was formed: 63 of them were diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia for 5-7 days of illness, and the remaining 184 had verified infectious diseases in uncomplicated form. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed forecast method was performed on 150 patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. The technical basis of this study was the Extech 110 pH meter, with which the observed acidity of the skin of the lower third of the palmar surface of the forearm was studied on the 1-2, 3-4, 7-10 days of the disease.

Results: the developed method for predicting bacterial pneumonia in patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is characterized by prostate use, as well as high rates of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Conclusions: the pH level of the skin of the palmar surface of the lower third of the forearm in patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections of less than 4.80 is a statistically significant prognostic criterion for the development of this category of patients in the next 2-3 days of bacterial pneumonia.

Objective: the study is to determine the effectiveness of EEG-biofeedback training on β-rhythm for correcting voluntary attention in children 6 – 8 years of age with the consequences of perinatal CNS lesions of hypoxic-ischemic genesis.

Materials and methods: a total of 120 children aged 6 – 8 years who included 30 children with cerebrastenic syndrome (I group) were examined; 58 children with hyperactivity and attention deficit syndrome (II group); 32 children with cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia (III group). EEG-biofeedback training on β-rhythm correction was carried out in an amount of 15 sessions lasting 20 – 30 minutes on the Kinesis machine (Neurot, Russia). Before and after the biofeedback therapy, a psychodiagnostic evaluation of the functions of voluntary attention on the Toulouse-Pieron scale was carried out (in the adaptation of LA Yasyukova, 2001). EEG recording was performed on an EEG 21/26 encephalograph Encephalan-131-03, modification 10 (Manufacturer: NPKF Medikom MTD, Russia). For statistical analysis of the obtained indicators before and after treatment, the significance criterion was used to compare the two proportions (fractions) under the assumption that the variables are distributed according to the normal law (package STATISTICS 6.0).

Results: the effectiveness of EEG-biofeedback training on β-rhythm correction was revealed, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the number of children with isolated types of attention disorders in all groups of patients as well as with mixed disorders in the II group.

Conclusion: аctivation of cortical processes, increasing the level of attention, memory and cognitive abilities of the psyche, when EEG-biofeedback training is included in the therapy complex, depend on the nature and severity of central nervous system lesions in children with various nosological forms of neurological pathology, which requires rethinking of therapeutic complex methods of correction and selection of personalized biofeedback training protocols, taking into account data on various types of metabolic and neurophysiological abnormalities in the head in children with different nosological forms of neurological disorders.

Objective: to identify the main causes that contribute to the occurrence of ischemic-cervical insufficiency.

Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancy, childbirth, outcomes for the fetus in 158 women with ischemic-cervical insufficiency was performed. All pregnant women, except for general clinical examination, underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix.

Results: of 158 women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency, there were 71 first-born (44.94 %), and 87 second-born (55.06 %). In the history of these women, 64 (40.51 %) had inflammatory processes of the female genitals, 38 (24.05 %) had extragenital pathology (cardiovascular diseases), 36 (22.78 %) were obese, 13 (8.23 %) had cervical erosion, and only 7 (4.43 %) had a favorable history. The diagnosis of ICN was established by a combination of data from vaginal and transvaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix. Correction of this pathology was carried out by applying a pessary to the cervix.

Conclusion: we did not find a statistically significant difference between the occurrence, causes, and manifestation of clinical data in both first-and second-generation women. Among the causes of PPI, both in the first and second clinical groups, inflammatory diseases of the female genitals, cardiovascular pathology and obesity predominate. Early diagnosis of PPI reduces the risk of premature birth, reduces the percentage of premature birth, and contributes to the birth of children during full-term pregnancy.

Objective: to assess the course of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period in patients with adenomyosis 1 and 2 degrees.

Materials and methods: the course of pregnancy and its outcomes were analyzed in 153 primordial women with a history of adenomyosis of 1–2 degrees (I group), the control group (II group) — 150 conditionally healthy primordial women.

Results: in preterm patients with adenomyosis of 1 and 2 degrees, in the absence of problems with conception and somatic pathology, statistically significantly increases the number of early reproductive losses and premature birth during pregnancy statistically significantly more often formed placental insufficiency and increases the frequency of hypertension disorders, increases the frequency of pathology of labor and postpartum period, mainly associated with increased blood loss.

Conclusion: complications of gestation, pathology of labor and postpartum period in patients even with 1 stage of adenomyosis are largely associated with histological, immunohistochemical and immunological features of the structure of the transition zone «endometrium-myometrium». Pathological processes occurring in the zone of remodeling of spiral arterioles may lead to abnormal chorion formation, which causes most obstetric complications. 

Objective: to study the security and the effect of transmyocardial laser revascularization in combination with aortocoronary shunting in patience with diffuse coronary artery disease.

Materials and methods: the study compared the results of surgical treatment in patients with diffuse distal coronary artery disease in the period from 2007 to 2013. Patients were divided into two groups, the first group consisted of patients who underwent CABG in combination with TMLR (n-60), the second group includes patients who underwent isolated CABG (n-46). According to the initial demographic data and comorbidity, the groups were not significantly different from each other. Subsequent observation (on average 7, 5±0, 9 years) included rating of survival and return of angina.

Results: remote mortality during the observation period in the first group was 7, 6 % (n = 4), and in the second group — 18, 9 % (n = 7). In both groups the functional class of angina pectoris significantly decreased, however, in the first group this tendency was more expressed (exertional angina I EF in the CABG + TMLR group have 54 (90 %) patients, in the second group — 33 (71,7 %), p = 0,02.

Conclusions: transmyocardial laser revascularization in combination with aortocoronary shunting in high-risk patients with diffuse atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries contributed to an increase in exercise tolerance, reduced symptoms, and provided an acceptable quality of life in the long term.

Objective: to study the ultrasound characteristics of the structure and location of the heart and blood vessels in children of different age groups, taking into account the harmony of physical development.

Materials and methods: 160 people aged 4 to 18 years were surveyed. All the children included in the study were divided into four groups, according to the WHO.  Anthropometric dimensions were evaluated using centile tables. There are 3 rates of physical development: age-appropriate; advancing age; lagging behind age norms, as well as harmonious, moderately disharmonious and high disharmonious development. Echocardiography was performed on a VIVID-3 scanner, General Electric, USA, using sector sensors with a frequency of 3-8 MHz. Statistical processing of the results were performed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and Statistica 12.0 for Windows software package.

Results: the morphometric parameters of cardial structures increase proportionally with age, having a significant range of deviation in the group. Disharmonious type of physical development is most often found in children of puberty. Among children of age I and II groups, harmonious physical development dominates and, in a small number, a moderately disharmonious type is formed-5 (14.3 %) and 11 (20.3 %) cases, respectively.

Conclusion: the pronounced inter-group differences between the studied generally accepted and additional ultrasound dimensions of the heart testify to the expediency of using them as additional measurements in the experimental modeling of the chest cavity. 

 Objective: to study the nature of uterine contractile activity, hormonal status, melatonin metabolism, blood flow in the uterine and fetal vessels, and the state of the fetus wellbeing before and after standard drug treatment and combination therapy involving the additional use of light deprivation.

Materials and methods: a total of 547 women with threatening preterm birth were examined at 28 – 35 weeks of pregnancy. Among these, 198 pregnant women received standard therapy and 196 women received combined treatment, medical along with light deprivation. The control group consisted of 153 women with physiological pregnancy. We used cardiotocography to study the contractile activity of the uterus and the fetal cardiac rhythm, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods to study the expression of hormones (ACTH, cortisol, progesterone, estriol, placental lactogen) in the blood and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the urine of pregnant women.

Results: threatening preterm labor is accompanied by an increase in the level of generalized (bilateral) uterine activity, a decrease in the level of melatonin and an increase in the level of stress hormones. After using standard drug therapy, there is a suppression of any form of uterine activity, which leads to a deterioration of the fetus state in 30,2% of women, while combined therapy increases the level of melatonin, decreases the activity of stress-liberating subsystems of the mother’s body, and increases the level of right-sided uterine contractions that contribute to maintaining functional activity of the uteroplacental “pump”, contributing to the prevention of fetal distress.

Conclusions: the studies indicate an improvement in the therapeutic effect with using light deprivation, as an additional method for tocolysis in women with the threat of premature birth. 

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulins in X-linked agammaglobulinemia, to identify changes in the cellular link of the innate and adaptive immune response associated with an insufficient effect of replacement therapy.

Materials and methods: 12 patients with X-AGH were under dynamic observation. BTK genetic defect confirmed using next generation sequencing technology. After verification of the diagnosis, patients received IVIG replacement therapy at a saturation dose and then at a maintenance dose. The data of prospective observation for a full year of regular IVIG therapy with an assessment of the severity of the disease, monthly monitoring of the pre-transfusion IgG level and determination of the quantitative and functional parameters of the components of the adaptive and innate immune response every three months are presented.

Results: regular replacement therapy contributed to a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations of foci of chronic infection, a decrease in the frequency and duration of antibiotic therapy, however, in 30 % of cases, the frequency of exacerbations remained high, and antibiotic courses were doubled than the standard ones. A comparative analysis of the parameters of the immune system showed that with a smaller effect of IVIG, the functional potentials of T-effectors are less significant than in the comparison group and the properties of neutrophils and natural killers are more inhibited.

Summary: the relationship between the severity of the clinical manifestation of XLA on the background of replacement therapy and the preservation of the functional potencies of the cellular components of the immune system provides the basis for a possible combination of IVIG therapy with drugs that affect the properties of cellular elements of the immune system.

The aim of the work is to describe the structure of the psychopathology of minor patients treated in a hospital. Inpatient medical records of 39 minor patients who were admitted for treatment in 2018 to the women’s general psychiatric department No. 6 of the «Specialized Psychoneurological Hospital of the Ministry of Health» of the Krasnodar Territory were examined. The data obtained as a result of the study on the nosological affiliation of the inpatient population of adolescent patients, epidemiological, clinical and social factors can be useful for further comparative studies with subsequent scientific substantiation of proposals to optimize the organization of the provision of psychiatric inpatient care for children and adolescents in order to improve its quality.