This review reviews the efficacy and safety of omalizumab therapy in bronchial asthma using randomized trials of recent years. Mechanisms of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, the effectiveness of the drug and its side effects are discussed in detail. The effectiveness of omalizumab is considered at the following key research points: the need for inhaled glucocorticosteroids, the quality of patients’ life and the frequency of exacerbations. Systematic literature search was carried out on the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, elibrary and others.

Objective: to evaluate the nature of LV myocardial remodeling among pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension (CAH), complicated by preeclampsia (PE), and the effect of antihypertensive therapy start on the reversibility of cardiac changes.

Materials and Methods: pregnant women with CAH (n = 376): group I - with isolated CAH (n = 172), group II - with the development of PE on its background. Depending on the time of antihypertensive therapy start: in the group with CAH - early (n = 58), delayed (n = 76), in the group with PE development on the CAH background - early (n = 114), delayed (n = 128). Clinical and statistical, echocardiography, tissue myocardial doppler echocardiography (TMDEchoCG).

Results: the group of pregnant women with PE development on the CAH background was distinguished by large indicators of LV myocardium mass - by 15.5% in the second trimester of pregnancy, 12.1% - in the third one. The initial manifestations of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular (LV DD) were diagnosed according to the results of TMDEchoCG: among 28.9 % of pregnant women in the second trimester, 40.3% - in the third one. The frequency of abnormal LV remodeling on the CAH background was 76.3% in the II trimester, 85.4% in the III one, with an increase in LV hypertrophy of the concentric type by the III trimester from 28.2% to 38.6% .

The absence of early antihypertensive therapy caused higher frequency of elevated (“> 128”) values of the disproportionality coefficient (DC): with PE development on the CAH background it increased by 1.3 times (60.9% vs 33.3%), with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) according to the concentric type - by 1.5 times in the second trimester (34.4% vs 18.8%) and by 2.5 times (59.4% vs 23.7%) - in the third one. The effectiveness of early CAH correction during pregnancy is proved by the lower occurrence of diastolic dysfunction (DD): in the second trimester 22.8% vs 38.3%, in the third one - 21.1% vs 61.7%.

Conclusions: it is proved that the probability of LV myocardium damage development on the CAH background increases with the identification of a disproportionately high LV myocardium mass as a result of BP overload. The study of LV and DF geometry allows to clarify the degree of organ damage (myocardium) and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy. It is stated that in the absence of rational CAH correction, morphofunctional changes in the LV cardiac muscle progress with the course of pregnancy, to the greater extent - with PE complication.

Objective: tto determine the contribution of key metabolites and enzymes, taking into account the polymorphism of the latter, in the development of oxalic urolithiasis.

Materials and methods: the study included 72 patients (30 men and 42 women) with previously confirmed oxalic urolithiasis. Blood samples were taken from patients previously divided into groups depending on the stage of treatment. Lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, protein-bound hydroxyproline, homocysteine, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase in blood were determined, the polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was studied.

Results: the change in the concentration of the studied markers in the serum of different groups of patients suffering from oxalate urolithiasis was found; differences in the polymorphism of the MTHFR gene responsible for the metabolic transformations of homocysteine in the organism of patients with oxalate urolithiasis were established.

Conclusion: one of the chains of the development of oxalate urolithiasis was studied on the example of markers of hypoxia of the renal tissue.

Objective: tto estimate the potential of the protective effect of recombinant IL-2 on the ovarian reserve of patients in advanced reproductive age after enucleation of a cystic ovarian endometriosis (COE).

Materials and methods: Initially and over a year after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy using hemostatic material based on oxidized cellulose, 63 patients with a single-sided COE (4-7 cm) were examined, age group: 36-45 years old. The levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, TNF), the content of diene conjugates of unsaturated fatty acids, malonic dialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and the level of molecules of average weight were determined in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood. The comparative analysis of the ovarian reserve (the antral follicle count (AFC) and the level of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)) was conducted between 32 patients receiving adjuvant dienogest therapy (6 months) with additional administration of recombinant IL-2 and 31 patients receiving only dienogest.

Results: When recombinant IL-2 is used in the early postoperative period, AFС (both, in the intact and operated ovary) and the AMH level (later restored to the results of the initial parameters) increase statistically significant.

Conclusions: Recombinant IL-2 compensates the initial deficiency of the regulatory cytokine, reduces the proapoptotic effect on ovarian tissue, and activates antioxidant systems. When used in postoperative period of the complex therapy (IL-2 and dienogest), the ovarian reserve remains almost at the initial level, which favors the implementation of reproductive plans and reduces the likelihood of premature menopause.

Objective: sto study the clinical picture, psychopathological dynamics and significant pathogenetic factors of computer addiction development (CA).

Materials and methods: the study included 93 patients with CA. The control group (CG) was represented by 50 healthy volunteers. Methods: clinical, psychological, paraclinical (brain MRI; EEG; daily excretion level of adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine; blood serotonin level; molecular genetic studies), statistical.

Results: It is established, that the clinical picture of CA is represented by episodes of computer activity (CAct) and non-episode periods. Their features form a single syndrome of addiction to CAct. Increase of symptoms’ severity and their complication occur due to addition of the altered reactivity syndrome. The clinical-dynamic model of CA development is characterized by phasing with the presence of the initial stage and the stage of the expanded clinical picture. The disorder has a predisposition. The personality component of the predisposition includes the predominance of accentuations of unstable and schizoid types, low rates of internality in both groups. The morphofunctional component includes Val158Met polymorphism features of the COMT gene as predominance (59.1 %) of homozygotes for the Val allele and a high frequency of CNS structural anomalies (55 patients; 62.5 %). The gender component characterizes the predominance of males in CA. Some pathogenetic mechanisms of CA are established: impaired catecholamine and serotonin neuromediation, impaired bioelectrical brain activity with a high prevalence (47.0 %) of paroxysmal activity.

Conclusions: Based on the identified pathogenetic mechanisms, the following approaches to the CA treatment are recommended: psychotherapy, psychopharmacotherapy, and their combination.

Objective: to evaluate the information content of the method of thrombodynamics and local indicators of hemostasis system diagnostics in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Matherials and methods: 59 people took part in the study, 34 of them made up the main group of patients with coronary artery disease and 25 control group with no coronary artery disease in history. The study participants were once assessed the state of hemostasis using “local” methods and global - Thrombodynamics, according to manufacturers instructions. After evaluating the indicators, the main group of patients was ranked according to the presence of comorbidities.

Results: when comparing the hemostasiogram indicators between the main group and the control group, no significant differences were found. Evaluating the indicators of thrombodynamics - there is a statistically significant increase in the blood thrombogenic potential in the main group.

Conclusions: in patients with coronary artery disease, in order to timely detect hemostasis disorders, an integrated approach is needed, consisting not only in conducting local tests of the study, but also global ones.

A clinical case of Morton’s neuroma in a 46-year-old patient is presented. The article presents in detail the technology of ultrasound examination of the foot in the considered pathology. Describes the characteristics of clinical manifestations and ultrasound semiotics of lesions of the interdigital nerve. It is shown that currently ultrasound is the optimal and highly informative method of radiation diagnosis in the recognition of Morton’s neuroma.

Detection of the combined anomalies of the axial skeleton, including anomalies of the craniovertebral junction, cervical spine and ribs, is rare, and the differential diagnosis of such anomalies is a difficult task. Clinical cases of combined congenital malformations of the craniovertebral junction, cervical spine and ribs are described. Two clinical cases confirm the appearance of the first complaints and neurological syndromes in patients with combined anomalies of the axial skeleton at the age of 20-40 years after minor traumatic injuries. In the third case, there is no correspondence between the severity of radiological changes and clinical manifestations, when radiological findings were regarded as accidental.

We want to present a case of the amniotic constrictions in a newborn child. Today there are no ethiopathogenetic treatment methods for treating complications of amniotic constrictions. All available treatment methods are symptomatic and are mainly aimed at patient care. In rare cases, surgical correction of the defect is possible, sometimes even in the intrauterine period. The peculiarity of this case is late, postnatal detection of multiple malformations in a newborn child with timely observation of a pregnant woman in the women’s consultation.

Objective: to develop and offer an original method of treatment of bone and cartilage defects of hyaline cartilage on the example of the knee joint.

Materials and Methods: a prospective study conducted on experimental animals (sheep) in an amount of 30 individuals, whose age was from 1.5 to 3 years, weight was from 20 to 30 kg. All individuals divided into 3 representative groups of 10 individuals, depending on the method of replenishment of the joint defect. In all groups, a full-thickness defect of the articular cartilage performed to a subchondral bone 4.5 mm in diameter on the loaded surface of the inner condyle of the thigh. Distinct bone-cartilage fragments examined visually, evaluating the nature of the edges of the articular cartilage defect, the condition of its blood filling, the depth of the defect, the degree of closure of the defect by the emerging fibrous-cartilaginous layer. The area of the defect of the subchondral plate studied morphologically using light microscopy.

Results: The best results are shown in group 3, where the bone-cartilaginous defects are practically fully replaced macroscopically and microscopically managed to trace the architectonics of the newly formed hyaline-like tissue, which indicates good early results of the application of the described method.

Conclusions: the proposed original method of treatment of bone and cartilage defects of the knee joint allowed to get good results in the early stages. It is necessary to further observe the behavior of the regenerate in all experimental groups.

In 2019 Rostov-on-Don anti-plague institute celebrates its 85th anniversary since it was founded. The article represents information about the development of the anti-plague service in southern Russia, since 1912. Here we describe the main milestones in the institute development during the period from 1934 year until now. The article indicates primary global tasks for highly infectious disease control, which were assigned on the institute by the establishment of the country. The article is concerned with the most significant achievements in epidemiological surveillance of the country well-being, that were reached by the scientists of the institute.