This review presents the results of the latest Russian and foreign studies concerning the problem of acute cholecystitis and its complications in the modern surgery. This paper reflects the author’s understanding of the factors that play an important role in the development of cholelithiasis and its complications, and the advanced methods of diagnostics and treatment of acute cholecystitis.

Analysis of rehabilitation programs with kinesiotherapy components using in various countries for patients undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization revealed often considerable contents differences. Therefore it is proposed to be guided by uniform principles for compose such programs. These principles would have the physiological argumentation and be closed on the medico-biological and medico-social essence of health. It seems that such unitary approach would assist increase of the programs efficacy on all stages of rehabilitation and, first of all, prevent possible forming of coronary arteries restenosis.

This review presents data about prevalence of disease at inhabitants of the Rostov region, which are permanent resident of a locality of the anthropogenic pollution. Indicates that in coal field of the Rostov region frequencies of the pathology orthopedic injury at children and adolescents rise above other regions. It should be noted progressive increase of the oncological diseases in region with higher anthropogenic pollution.

Purpose: To reveal features of a sonographic picture of a gall bladder taking into account character of a microbial contamination and reaction of peripheral blood at various forms of the complicated cholelithiasis and to define their diagnostic and pro-gnostic importance.
Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients who had surgery for acute calculous cholecystitis were examined. A comprehensive ultrasound, laboratory examination of patients, as well as histological and microbiological examination of postoperative material was carried out.
Results: It was revealed that the structural changes in the walls of the gallbladder take the leading place in the ultrasound picture of acute cholecystitis and determine the intensity and the severity of the inflammatory process. Typical changes in peripheral blood for destructive forms of cholecystitis are the lymph- and eosinopenia. Based on these data the factor for predicting the severity of complicated forms of cholelithiasis was proposed.
Summary: It was established that the nature and intensity of changes in the ultrasound picture in different variants of acute cholecystitis is associated with microbial contamination of the gallbladder.

Purpose: To study changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, with different tactics and lowering lipid-lowering therapy.
Materials and Methods: Analysis of metabolic efficiency of various therapeutic regimens for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemy at 124 patients Results: The most favorable changes in lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia achieved by supplementation of fenofibrate and statin combination of exenatide and metformin
Summary: Therapy based on a combination of inkretinomimetik, fibrate and statine, normalizes the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid in diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia and is a promising treatment option.

Purpose: Analysis of physical readiness dynamics at students of faculties (medical, pediatrics, prophylactic medicine) taking into account constitutsional and typological features.
Materials and methods: 480 students 3 courses (125 young men and 355 girls) at the age of 18-25 years, having different levelof physical rea diness are surveyed. The complex of tests which included the following exercises defining degree of development of the basic physical qualities was applied to an estimation of physical readiness of students.
Results: According to dynamics of physical readiness on all impellent qualities certain law is looked through. The physical in general condition of students improves from the first course to the second the both at young men, and at girls. In the third term of the second year some decrease in results of physical readiness in a number of tests was observed.
Summary: Principle of organic communication of physical training with practice of labour activity is most particularly embodied in is professional-applied physical preparation/ Considering somatotype the individual, it is possible to correct and develop necessary impellent qualities taking into account the future professional orientation.

Purpose: Based on their own data and literature to synthesize information on the variant anatomy of renal arteries and veins, and their topographic relations and the formation of vascular abnormalities in embryogenesis.
Materials and Methods: The studied drugs with renal vascular anomalies of the museum department of human anatomy RostGMU, 440 angiograms and 30 renal spiral computer angiotomograms people of all ages, both in normal and in renovascular hypertension.
Results: In control group, multiple renal arteries were found in 20% of cases, and a group of people suffering from renovascular hypertension, the arteries, altered pathological process, occurred in 15.8% of cases. Multiple renal veins are identified in 2.1% cases at the left and in 23% - on the right.
Summary: Multirple renal arteries contribute to the development of renovascular hypertension, and rens with multirle arteries are biologically less reliable and prone to illness. There is no full conformity in frequency of detection multiple renal arteries and veins. Different in nature and the asymmetry of the anomalies of arteries and veins of kidney due to the asymmetry of the vascular system.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of radical cystectomy with orthotopic urine derivation in respect of disease recurrence, survival, as well as early and late complications and quality of life.
Materials and methods: the series of 290 bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urine derivation during the period from 1995 to 2011 year were included in our study. The mean patient age was 58.2 (26-87) year. The calculation of the survival rates according to time periods was done using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The quality of life was assessed using modified version of scale MOS-SF-36.
Results: the orthotopic urine derivation using intestine was performed in 142 patients with preoperative creatinine level <200 micromoles/l, Hb - at least, 10 g/l and normal preoperative bowel function. The different early postoperative complications were seen in 43.7% patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 4.9% during 1995-1998, 2.1% during 1999-2002, 1.4% during 2003-2006 and 0% from 2007 to 2011 years, respectively. Late complications were found in 27.4%. Local and distant recurrence rates were 7.0% and 15.5%, respectively. The 5-years overall and cancer-specific rates in patients undergoing orthotopic urine derivation was 72% and 83%, respectively. Daily continence was seen in 72.5% patients, while in 44.2% men erectile function was preserved.
Summary: Orthotopic urine derivation using intestine segment can be performed in effective and safe fashion, with low complications rate and good long-term functional results.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of dental diseases among Rostov State Medical University students end need of dentistry.
Materials and Methods: A clinical study was made among 94 Rostov State Medical University students and as a part of it was found the high prevalence rate of pathologies of dentition and variety of nosologic forms.
Results: The most common cases were: caries, parodontal disease and anomalies of tooth position. These findings were necessary to estimate the need of all types of dentistry for Rostov students. It was specified that 98% of students were in need of filling and dental restoration. Endodontic dentistry was necessary for 28,7% of students, parodontal dentistry — for 51,9%.
Summary: High level of prevalence and intensity of dental diseases among students was found. The obtained results of the study should be used to develop measures for their future treatment and to prevent dental diseases

Purpose: To study animal’s stress manifestation in the course of formation of a kindling epileptic syndrome in the conditions of application of a ketogenic diet.
Materials and Methods: Experiment was hold on rats which were simulated corazol kindling by 25,0 mg/kg, i.p.daily injection during 21 day Results: The decreasing of the weight of spleen, thymus along with simultaneous increasing of the weight of suprarenal glands and enlargement of the cortical and medullar layers have been seen. Besides, heightened level of corticotropin, corticosteron and gastrin have been registered in blood.
Summary: It was established that ketogenic diet (80% of lipids, 3,35 carbohydrates and 16,7 % of proteins) prevented kindlinginduced deteriorations and this effect was more pronounced in case of four weeks ketogenic diet treatment.

Purpose: To investigate levels of adipokines and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in the blood of women with a true threat of pregnancy termination (isthmico-cervical insufficiency).
Materials and Methods: The study involved women in the period of 16 – 26 weeks of gestation – 18 women with a true threat of termination of pregnancy and 52 women with physiological pregnancy. Both groups were compared with levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Results: In the blood of women with a real threat of pregnancy termination are revealed significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism – the increase in levels of fasting insulin and glucose, and also increase the value of the index of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (p<0.001). No significant differences in age and BMI index were found between the study and control subjects. In the group of women with the true threat of pregnancy termination significantly increases the level of leptin (p=0.04), and there is also
a decrease in the concentration of resistin (p=0.02). The level of adiponectin significant does not change.

Summary: Compared with the control group, patients with RPL were more likely to have insulin resistance. In condition of the true threat of pregnancy termination increases the level of leptin and reduced the concentration of resistin, and is determined the development of pathological insulin resistance.

We are presenting a case of hemorrhagic vasculitis with difficult stream of 9 years old boy. Feature of this case is manifestation of the disease after quinsy with pronounced lymphoproliferative syndrome (enlargement of anterior and posterior cervical and submandibular lymph nodes up to 12-15 mm in diameter), which made it necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis with lymphoproliferative disorders. Thereby the biopsy of lymph node was made. Another feature was that with hemorrhagic rash on lower extremities extensive necrosis were developed, accompanied by severe pain and no analgesic effect. Later joined abdominal and renal syndromes, with development of cruel nephritis. The therapy allowed to achieve clinical remission, however the urinary syndrome retained for long. After correction of the therapy (sandimmun) there were marked rapid positive changes.

We have made an attempt to systematize risk factors of primary and repeated ischemic strokes development. The divisions of the corrected and not corrected have been introduced in basis of systematization. The main tasks of primary and secondary prophylaxis of ischemic strokes have been distinguished. The realization of secondary prophylaxis is quite possible in modern stage and in the conditions of existing social and economic difficulties. So in comparison with the primary prophylaxis that sphere is less expensive. The affected possibility to the corrected risk factors has been determined, namely adequate therapy administered in time, complicated by the ischemic stroke development. The basic categories have been determined to carry out primary and secondary prophylaxis of ischemic strokes. They are teachers, psychologists, prophylaxis and curative institutions workers.

Purpose: To develop new medical technology of rehabilitation treatment of patients with IBS at spa resort.
Materials and Methods: Observations of 54 patients with IBS are conducted

Results: It is shown that the combined use of drinking mineral water Essentuki № 4, Dicetel’s prokinetic, carbonate mineral baths and rectal insufflations of ozone-oxygen mixture contributes to the normalization of large intestine’s functional state, the correction of psychoemotional disturbances, to the improvement of life quality of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Summary: Conducted studies illustrate beneficial effect of complex spa therapy using natural healing factors of Essentuki resort and ozone therapy in treating IBS with constipation.

Purpose: To examine the role of drinking mineral water Tib-2 in complex rehabilitation of patients in the NASH stationary phase.
Material and methods. Observations of 60 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with minimal activity of the pathological process are carried out.
Results. The positive dynamics of main indicators of hepato-biliary system function (lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and cytokine status hemocoagulation) in complex application of spa phytofactors and drugs is significantly more pronounced (18.5%) compared to only medical and physiotherapy.
Summary. The use of brackish drinking mineral water on the stationary phase of treatment of patients with NASH is feasible and promising.

Purpose: To develop a method of complex application of antiulcer drug and mud-balneohomeopathic drugs in gastroduodenal pathology in combination with generalized periodontitis.
Materials and methods: Surveillance of 100 patients with often relapsing ulcers and erosions of ezophagogastroduodenal area in combination with generalized periodontitis is conducted.
Results: The positive dynamics of main indicators that characterize the disease process is 15-20% higher in patients treated with additional pelotherapy. The overall effectiveness of treatment is 62.3% in the first group of patients while in the second - 86.5% (p1-2 <0.05).
Summary: The use of mud-balneohomeo drugs in diseases of the gastroduodenal zone in combination with generalized periodontitis contributes to the overall effectiveness of treatment due to their pronounced immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

This article presents data on the activating effect of natural physical factors, including mineral waters of Kislovodsk resort acting on the processes of adaptogenesis in different functional systems, increasing the reserve capacity of body, restoring the capacity of sanogenetic reactions due to the actualization of metabolic reactions hormonal support. These favorable treatment effects allow us to use them to treat metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: To develop a scientific basis and a comprehensive use of drugs and sulfide mineral waters in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic antral gastritis associated with Helicobacteria.
Materials and Methods: We studied 100 patients with chronic antral gastritis, associated with Helicobacter pylori, and held a comparative analysis of two treatment facilities: 50 people received comprehensive spa treatment, including drinking mineral water and mineral baths in combination with anti H. pylori drugs. The second group of patients - 50 men received only anti H. pylori drugs as on the above showed diagram with no internal reception of mineral water and spa treatment. Morphological status of gastric mucosa was judged by the level of gastrin-17 and pepsinogen-1 in serum determined by immunoenzymometric method.
Results: Studies have shown that adherence of drinking mineral water to the eradication treatment leads to a restructuring of all functional systems to a new physiological level, the expansion of adaptive body potential and to the more perfect system of compensation and protection from many aggressive factors.