The methodology of brain protection from acute ischemic damage is a primary aim of modern pharmacology. The paper represents a review of modern drugs diminishing brain ischemia subsequences. The most important directions of neuroprotection are determined by cerebral ischemia fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms. An oxidative stress is considered to be one of the keystones among various neural cells death mechanisms, which is caused by an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant organism’ systems, and reactive oxygene species hyperproduction in the insufficient cerebral bloodflow conditions. Therefore the administration of cerebroprotective drugs of nootropic and antioxidant nature preventing free radical processes, decreasing an oxygene brain consumption and increasing brain tolerability to acute hypoxia and ischemia is regarded to be promising and feasible direction of neuroprotection. This paper also summarizes obtained evidences of beneficial effects of endogenously produced antioxidant melatonin in reducing brain ischemic damage. The investigation results indicate the potential importance of melatonin usage for the neuroprotective therapy improvement in cerebral ischemia. 

The leading causes of children’s mortality in the world, Europe and Russian Federation and the ways of decreasing of quantity of lethal outcomes were researched. The role of healthcare system in prevention of mortality causes among the children and adolescents is discussed. 

The review examined Cesarean section significance in decrease of perinatal mortality, the problems associated with the increase of abdominal delivery are reflected, purulent-septic complications are accented, risk factors of infection-inflammatory process development in post operational period are analysed, the advantages and disadvantages of contemporary preventive methods of their origin are considered. 

The indigenous gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis in gastrointestinal tract. The review is devoted to factors influencing gut microbiota composition, involvement of microbiota in formation of systemic and mucosal immunity, the role of disturbances of microbial community in development of allergic disease. 

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency in infants, to identify the factors causing them.

Materials and Methods: Completed questionnaires 1052 lactating mothers, to determined the level of hemoglobin in 948 infants, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity of serum (n=60), the concentration of iron in breast milk (n=62).

Results: The prevalence of anemia in infants in region was 6 times higher than the official statistics (349.2/1000 vs. 52,9/1000). Iron status was higher in exclusively breast-fed in first 6 mo, but the incidence of anemia in 9 mo old infants was independent of the type of feeding. Anemia in infants contributed of antenatal factors (prematurity, threat of abortion, utero-placental dysfunction), (p<0.05). Infants older 6 mo has a decrease level of serum iron (5,6 μmol/L vs. 15,0 μmol/L, р=0,04). The level of iron in breast milk was independent on the mother’s intake, iron supplementation during pregnancy and lactating.

Summary: The development of iron deficiency in infants contributes to antenatal factors and low level of iron in breast milk. 

Purpose: To address the relation between the levels of androgenic hormones and metabolic indices in obese male children and adolescents.

Materials and methods: 175 boys were examined, of which children at the age of 11-12 – 75 persons, teenagers at the age of 13-15 – 100 persons. Obesity degree according to Knyazev and sexual development stage according to Tanner were evaluated, the following hormones were identified in the blood serum: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B as well as insulin, leptin and lipometabolism rates.

Results: In the group of 13-15-year-old boys 20% of boys with obesity had the 1st-2nd stage of sexual development according to Tanner. In children with obesity in the prepubescent age the following was detected: dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinemia and high level of AMH; there are no reliable differences in the level of sex hormones if compared to children with normal weight. 13-15-year-old boys with the 1st-2nd stage of sexual development according to Tanner have the highest leptin rates (among all groups), AMH (in comparison to the same age) and very low rates of sex hormones.

Summary: Hyperleptinemia detected at the stage of prepubescent age is an important physiological regulator of a signal to the beginning of pubescence. The heightened level of leptin in boys with obesity in pubescence age as well as the maintained heightened concentration of AMH suppressing the increase of the androgenic hormone level causes the development of prolonged pubescence. 

Materials and methods: in work are studied ctx AB + and ctx AB - strains Vibrio choleraе non-O1, non-O139, isolated from people of republic Uzbekistan.

Results: it is shown, that ctx AB + strains Vibrio choleraе non-O1, non-O139 descendants of one clone. Character analysis dendrogramne shows, that epidemiological processin in republic Uzbekistan, V. choleraе non-O1, non-O139, steadily proceeded long time as between toxigenic strains the considerable genetical distance is noted. The received results testify to independent character of a parentage toxigenic strains Vibrio choleraе non-O1, non-O139. It is not revealed interrelations between a VNTRgenotype and serougrupe.

Summary: VNTR-identification and serotyping methods are complementary and should be used in a complex at carrying out epidemiological process behind a cholera. 

Purpose: To determine the response of the cardiovascular system in kettlebell lifters in the course of the method of re-training exercises with decreasing rest intervals.

Materials and methods: heart rate dynamics study of kettlebell lifters of various skill levels, using a heart rate monitor Polar  RS800CX  N («Polar  Electro  Oy», Finland), and further analysis of the results obtained by means of standard software Polar ProTrainer 5.

Results: representation an original technique for recording heart rate through monitor Polar RS800CX N of kettlebell lifters of various skill levels. The data on the dynamics, values and relations training load.

Conclusions: The analysis of heart rate allowed us to estimate the adequacy of the training load for athletes of various skill levels, and thus personalize the volume and intensity of kettlebell training method repeated exercise with decreasing rest intervals. 

Purpose: improvement of the results of treatment of the newborns with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal defeat of TsNS (TsNS software), being in critical conditions, by using selenium.

Materials and methods: a randomized controlled blind clinical test of application selenase at newborns with RDS and perinatal defeat of the CNS, being on the artificial ventilation of lungs (AVL) is carried out. 76 infants being in the critical condition and 30 healthy infants, who have made group of comparison, were surveyed. During the research a comparative analysis of the intensity of processes of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system of protection (AOS) in 3 groups.

Results: during the test it was revealed and statistically proved that the group of children receiving selenaz(at a dose of 10 mkg / kg / day slowly intravenously within 10 days), the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px-3) serum has increased by 1.13 time (from the moment of receipt).

Summary: the increase of GSH-Px-3 promoted AOS strengthening that provided in the subsequent more rapid transition to independent breathing (IVL termination), and thus, reduce the duration of hospital stay. 

Purpose: evaluation of the peculiarities of clinical course and complications of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children with various degrees of severity of acute renal injury.

Materials and Methods: 220 children with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were examined. The complex estimation of renal functions with using clinical and laboratory methods was made.

Results: The peculiarities of the clinical manifestation of the disease in various periods of a course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, development of acute renal injury: severe in 24.5%, moderate in 40%, mild in 35.5%, the possibility of lifethreatening complications in children in oligo-anuricheskoy phase of severe acute kidney injury were established.

Summary: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in children has a cyclic clinical course, complicated by the development of acute kidney injury by the end of the feverish period. The development of infectious-toxic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), cerebral edema with dislocation syndrome can lead to fatal outcome. 

Purpose: investigation of clinical mycological and immunological dermatomycosis therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Blood supply characteristics study of mycotic skin areas.

Materials and methods: Mycotic activator was detected by microscopic evaluation. Flow cytofluorometer was used for immunological status analysis. Ozone therapy was administered by means of endovenous drop infusion.

Results: shifts in immunological status and inefficiency of mycotic skin areas blood supply were diagnosed for the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clinical effect was achieved earlier for the group of patients received combined therapy with ozone.

Summary: It is shown that ozone therapy influences not only on improvement of blood supply of mycotic skin areas but also on characteristics of immunological status. 

Purpose: To study in the city with large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy and coke effects of air pollutants on the performance of the physical development of children attending day care educational institutions located in areas with different environmental situation.

Materials and methods. The investigation of the physical development in 2417 children of 3-7 years are conducted the anthropometric explorations of the length of body, weight of body, circumference of chest and head. Evaluation of the data carried by percentile method (all 2417 children) and age-sex regression scale limited contingent of children (1240 children).

Results and summary. Found that as a result of effects on the man-made environment, especially air pollutants in children of preschool age there is a decrease in body weight, inhibiting the development of the chest circumference and head, as well as disharmony of physical development of deficit the chest circumference. 

Purpose: To estimate the efficacy of immunomodulator «Cyclopheron» in the treatment of patients with purulent diseases of the brush.

Materials and methods: 62 patients with purulent diseases of the brush were examined and treated. Change of parameters of the T-cellular link of immunity is revealed. Patients received traditional treatment which consist in performance of surgical intervention, general and local medicamentous influence in a combination with immunomodulation therapy.

Results: Application cikloferoni in complex treatment has allowed to normalize immunological, clinical cure patients, the positive flow of wound healing and cytological landscape with negative results identify microorganisms.

Summary: The use of cikloferoni in a complex post-operative therapy improves outcomes in patients with purulent diseases of the brush. 

Purpose: Optimization assessment of severity cephalgic form of premenstrual syndrome by examining the regulatory and adaptive abilities of the organism in this condition.

Materials and Methods: Examined 38 patients with cephalgic form of premenstrual syndrome, which were divided into clinical groups according to the severity of syndrome: group with mild comprised 15 patients, group with severe – 23 women. The control group consisted 20 apparently healthy women without symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Using samples cardiorespiratory synchronism first time in the dynamics of the menstrual cycle assessed regulatory and adaptive abilities of patients with cephalgic form of premenstrual syndrome.

Results: The quantitative indicators of regulatory and adaptive index status, which differ significantly in the groups with mild to severe premenstrual syndrome and objectively reflect the status of the patients.

Summary: The index regulatory and adaptive status can serve as an additional objective criterion for assessing the severity of premenstrual syndrome. 

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of the geometric and spectral analysis methods of heart rate variability in the assessment of the autonomic nervous system in adolescents with hypertension.

Materials and methods: 55 patients (38 boys and 17 girls) with complaints of high blood pressure were examined. Assessment of autonomic homeostasis by the geometric and spectral analysis methods of heart rate variability using cardioanalizator «ANKAR-131».

Results: According to the geometric and spectral methods of heart rate variability analysis vegetative state for most teens with a stable and labile hypertension characterized by balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, but in some patients with stable arterial hypertension hypersympathicotonia indicating overvoltage regulatory systems of the body.

Summary: Geometric and spectral analysis methods of heart rate variability have the same diagnostic efficacy in the evaluation of vegetative status in adolescents with hypertension. 

Purpose: Dynamic determination of TLR 2,4,6 in patients with relapsed UC with an assessment of the use of indicators characterizing the state of TLR, as markers of remission.

Materials and Methods: The study included 86 patients with recurrent UC, 39 of which have reached clinical and endoscopic remission. TLR expression on peripheral blood monocytes was determined in immunofluorescence test using monoclonal antibodies to TLR2 (СD14+CD282+), TLR4 (СD14+CD284+) и TLR6 (СD14+CD286+), conjugated with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and PE (phycoerythrin) - labeled (HyCultbiotechnology, Holland).

Results: number of monocytes expressing TLR 2,4,6 increased activation of the inflammatory process, with remission rates expression of TLR 2,4,6 not different from those in the control group.

Conclusion: you can use the number of monocytes expressing TLR 2,4,6 as a marker of remission. 

Purpose: To investigate regional variants of H. pylori genotypes.

Materials and methods: Regional variants of H. pylori genotypes have been studied (Cag A, Vac A, Ice A, Bab A2) in clinical strains of H. pylori, obtained from 91 paediatric patients (mean age 14.3±1.6 years), with gastroduodenal pathology in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Results: Marker of pathogenicity island Cag A was revealed in 42 patients (46.1%), Bab A2 – in 31 (34%), Vac A genotype S1 - in 59 (64.8%) and S2 - in 32 (35.2%), Ice A1 - in 72 (79.1%), Ice A2 - in 19 (20.9%).

Summary: Among the patients with peptic ulceration, H. pylori strains, carrying markers of pathogenicity island Cag A / Vac AS1 in combination with Bab A2 were detected significantly more often. 

Purpose: estimation of risk factors and degree of their significance in infectious-inflammatory processes development after Cesarean section.

Materials and methods: the retrospective medical documentation analysis of 2235 cases of operative delivery.

Results: it is established that antibiotic prophylaxis at a Cesarean section during the investigated period was carried out without contemporary risk factors, an individual estimation of qualitative-quantitative structure genital tract microflora and its account antibiotic -sensitivity in 16.2 % of cases led to nonspecific inflammatory complications development in the postnatal period. Contemporary risk factors of inflammatory complications development in abdominal delivery are revealed.

Summary: it is necessary to accomplish a working out and introduction of contemporary and scientifically proved algorithm of purulent-septic complications prevention after abdominal delivery in work of obstetric permanent establishment, taking into account modern risk factors. 

Purpose: To evaluate the cytokine profile and endothelial functional reserve in patients with ref-teristic hypertension.

Materials and methods: 42 patients with refractory hypertension (30 men and 12 women), control group - 32 patients. The average age of 59,4 ± 1,12 years. The metabolic stability of endothelium in patients evaluated in the study are pharmacologically tentsiiruemoy endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD). The work has been defined as the original content in the blood of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Results: It was found that in 66.7% of cases, metabolic stability endothelial cells to oxidative stress product is preserved, and in 33.3% of a loss of resistance to cytotoxic products.

Conclusion: In patients with refractory hypertension without metabolic stability of endothelium-dependent vasodilation Leah ability vessels progressively reduced, which is associated with the increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. 

Purpose: To reveal features of quality of life of the patients, who were operations concerning traumatically epidural haematomas of a head brain depending on a floor and age.

Material and methods: With the help of a questionnaire SF-36 the quality of life (QL) 32 patients in the separated period after operative removal traumatically epidural haematomas of a head brain (ТEHHB) is investigated.

Results: It is revealed, that QL determined to role functioning with performance of daily job and social functioning are less limited at the women, than at the men. At the same time physical functioning, intensive pains of sensations, role functioning caused by an emotional condition and mental health as the factors of life, causing quality, of the patients in the remote period after removal ТEHHB are less expressed at the persons of a male, that has an effect for more high level QL, than at the persons of a female.

Summary: The received data allow more proving and purposefully to spend rehabilitation therapy, taking into account a floor of the patients, after operative treatment ТEHHB. 

Purpose: revealing of the fullest spectrum of specificity lectin receptors strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139, participating in adgesion mechanisms, on model of agglutination of erythrocytes in reaction of competitive ingibition.

Materials and methods: in work are used strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139, isolated from objects of environment and from people. Spectrum lectin receptors defined in inhibition reaction hemagglutination.

Results: it is revealed, that strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139, irrespective of object of allocation possess weak ability to agglutination of erythrocytes that correlates with low adhesion. Low ability to agglutination is caused astable by an expression of adhesins (lectin receptors) various specificity. Ability to an expression of receptors of very wide spectrum, coming to light on a wide spectrum of different kinds of erythrocytes.

Summary: at strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 it is not revealed distinctions in specificity lectin receptors depending on an accessory to serogroupe, toxigenic, object of isolation. 

Purpose: To study the dynamics of changes in the physical health of students of different somatotypes for 2001 and 2011 years.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 students (123 women and 77 men) in 2001 and 200 students (103 women and 97 men) in 2011 at the age of 17 - 21 years old, enrolled in Rostov State Medical University. Determination was carried out by the method of somatotype R.N. Dorokhov, V.G. Petruhina. To assess the level of physical health (HFA) was used rapid method G.V. Apanasenko.

Results: Among the students 2001 and 2011 years found the prevalence level of physical health «low» and «below average» and almost no students with «above average» and «high» HFA. Marked the most marked reduction in HFA MeC somatotype («low» HFA has increased from 21.5% to 46.15%). The students MAC somatotype have the largest number of representatives with «low» HFA (68.42%).

Summary: The level of physical health for 10 years has declined. MAC somatotype students are at risk in terms of physical health. The same trend was observed in 2001. 

Purpose: to improve the results of treatment of patients with purulent wounds by use of bandages with “Stellanin-PEG 3%”.

Materials and methods: the research groups included 55 patients with purulent wounds of different origin, local treatment which apply ointment «Levomekol′ or «Stellanin-PEG 3%». To assess the effectiveness of the treatment we used vulnografy with the measurement area and the volume of the wound, cytology of the center and the edges of the wound, bacteriology at 1, 5 and 10 days.

Results: when you use the ointment «Stellanin-PEG 3%» decline in terms of healing the wounds, surgical complications and length of stay in the hospital until 2 bed-days.

Summary: a rapid decline in the number of microorganisms in the wound in treatment of Stellanin, plays a very important role in the healing process of wounds festering. 

A case of the disease in the skin form of anthrax which was held with discrete toksoinfektsionnym syndrome, but with characteristic skin manifestations, etiology, and ended proven recovery.