In spite of continuous history of development and a great variety of classical operation, surgical treatment of nasal septal deformation is one of the up-to-date problems in rhino surgery. The aim of this work was to analyze literature for the last decade, as well as systematization of the given methods of treatment and the review of tendencies in modern surgical methods. The majority of modern methods of surgical nasal septal correction are divided into several large groups (submucous resection, septoplasty both closed and open). The description of some operation techniques, more differentiated from classical submucous resection, is represented in this article. Separately from its way of application, there can be identified operations with the usage of endoscopic, shaver and laser technique, as well as operations with the usage of operating microscope. Summing up, one can see general for all authors’ tendencies, such as maximum preservation of nasal framework, sparing therapy and simplification of operation technique for a surgeon.

This review demonstrates that aromatherapy seems a very perspective component of com plex rehabilitation of the patients with cardiovascular diseases. It was paid attention on the positive effects and contraindications for essential oils in these patients.

The paper reviews current literature on diseases of the frontal sinuses from 2005 to 2011. The etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis. The evaluation of modern methods of plastic surgery and frontal sinuses in various pathologies. The techniques used in treatment of sinusitis by the authors. Analysis of the literature revealed that despite the improved methods of diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinuses, this pathology remains an urgent problem of Otorhinolaryngology. Requires different ways of systematizing and standardizing treatment approaches to the choice of surgical treatment.

Purpose: Studying the possibilities multislice computed tomography in choice of treatment, planning of tactics and choosing the volume of surgical intervention in case of pathology of the middle ear.

Materials and Methods: 12 children (13 temporal bones) with ear diseases have been examined by CT of temporal bone.

Results: The results showed the necessity of using of CT of temporal bone in case of pathology of the middle ear, particularly in case of impossibility of otoscopy. CT of temporal bone avert possible intraoperative complications.

Summary: Diagnoses improvement that was achieved due to CT of temporal bone, allowed to choose optimal tactics and volume of surgical interventions in case of pathology of the middle ear.

Purpose: To review our recent experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute mastoiditis and its complications in children.

Materials and Methods: 26 children with acute mastoiditis were included in the study. Complications occurred in 15,4 % of episodes.

Results: All patients were split into 3 groups. Group 1 included 13 children whose recovery was due to the application of paracentesis and antibiotic treatment; group 2 included 11 children who underwent mastoid surgical intervention; group 3 included 2 children with delitescent mastoid disease diagnosed after complications development. Complications were found in 3 patients: subperiosteal abscess – in 1 patient, peripheral facial palsy – in 2 patients with masked mastoiditis.

Summary: Complications of acute mastoiditis occur in cases where the aditus ad antrum is obstructed with edematous mucosa or inflammatory granulation tissue. Antibiotic treatment at the onset of symptoms of the acute otitis media does not prevent complications.

Purpose: To identify and assess the leading causal factor in the development of snoring disease for the appointment of an individual special subsequent treatment.

Materials and Methods: We examined 86 people who complained of snoring. The portable monitoring (PM) of sleep was held, during which we recorded airflow, breathing and oxygenation of blood. On the basis of the PM was isolated group of patients with simple ronhopathia and mild OSA for further assessment. The electromyography of the soft palate was prescribed, anterior active rhinomanometry, CT of the paranasal sinuses, consulting orthodontist indicated.

Results: The cause of uncomplicated snoring and mild OSA in 52.9% cases were anatomical and pathological changes in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, in which case the surgical treatment is effective. Hypotonia of the muscles of the soft palate in conjunction with hypertrophy of the soft palate was the cause of snoring in 23.5% of surveyed.

Summary: Treatment of such patients consisted of electrical stimulation of the muscles of the soft palate, or surgical intervention on the soft palate.

Purpose: The study of reparative processes in the frontal skull bones of white rats after implantation of demineralized bone graft.

Materials and Methods: A study of 12 mongrel white rats to determine the terms of reparative processes in the frontal bones of the skull for 100 days. For the experiment has been used demineralized bone graft from the femur of healthy white rats.

Results: Assessment of bone formation had 30, 60 and 100 days. Microscopically there were signs of graft reconstruction with the formation of newly formed osteoid and relatively mature bone tissue.

Summary: Regeneration after implantation of demineralized bone graft in the frontal bones of white rats terminated after 100 days.

Purpose: The article is an attempt to approach the problem from the standpoint of the adenoids constitutional types, to assess the role and place of the different levels of variation somatometric signs in predicting the development of nasopharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy in children.

Materials and Methods: Research of 1452 children at the age from 3 till 14 years is carried out. To all children it was inspected ENT organs, a somatometriya with the subsequent somatotipirovaniye by R. N. Dorochov, V.G. Petruhin.

Results: Сonducted a parallel between the degree of hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsils and somatometric characteristics of children. Statistically proven relationship between marker level variation somatometric symptoms and the degree of hypertrophy of nasopharyngeal tonsil.

Summary: For children with the hypertrophy of nasopharyngeal tonsils of II - III prevails intermediate somatotype (MeMaS). The overall level of varying of somatometric symptoms is most informing at the estimation of.

Purpose: To identify patients with hyperglycemic states during exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, to analyze the clinical course of chronic ear disease in these patients.

Materials and Methods: The study of glycemic status in 42 patients with chronic otitis media.

Results: The states of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose affects the course of chronic suppurative otitis media and increases the duration of treatment of patients.

Summary: All patients had chronic suppurative otitis media is necessary to study the glycemic status and its prompt correction.

Purpose: Studied microelements composition of the spiral organ’s cells in experimental sensorineural hearing loss.

Materials and Methods: The X-ray microanalyses of the spiral organ of 15 rats were performed.

Results: The 10 experimental animals with sensorineural hearing loss showed changes in trace element content compared with controls.

Summary: The greatest improvements were observed in relation to the share of calcium in experimental sensorineural hearing loss.

Purpose: Study of the сlinical and morphological data of polyposis sinusitis.

Materials and Methods: Clinical and morphological data for 48 patients of polyposis sinusitis were studied. Patients were hospitalized in Otolaryngology in-patient department in connection with the polyps of nose during 2009–2011. Surgical treatment with the revision of middle nasal motion was conducted with the use of endoscopic technique. Histological research was carried out at a light microscopy.

Results: At 22 patients (37,9%) at an inspection were found out antrochoanal polyps. At 8 from these patients were found out the giant polyps of nose. Pathomorphological of feature of remote antrochoanal polyps is described. Histological data testified to local chronic inflammation and mucoid degeneration, areas of fibrotic changes of stroma and metaplasia of epithelium.

Summary: These changes are characteristic for old truly antrochoanal polyps.

Purpose: A comparative study of free radical oxidation in the blood of those suffering from single and recurrent epistaxis.

Materials and Methods: In 98 patients malon dialdegid, superoxiddismutase and total peroxidase activity of blood red cells were examined.

Results: Recurrent epistaxis is shown to be followed by a deteriorated content of red blood cells and haemoglobin, which may result in hypoxia. In this group, FRO takes part in hypoxia adaptation: increased superoxide scavenger activity protects red cells from oxidative damage. Physical exercise tests have proved a low reserve of the anti-oxidant system in the blood of recurrent epistaxis patients.

Summary: The state of the patient, suffering from recurrent epistaxis depends on free radical oxidation system reserves.

Purpose: This is a study of the microbial range peculiarities in chronic rhinogenous and odontogenous maxillary sinuites.

Materials and Methods: We have examined 48 chronic maxillary sinusitis patients treated in the ENT Hospital of Rostov State University.

Results and Summary: It has been revealed that the predominant part in the rhinogenous pathology emergence is performed by nonclostridial anaerobic flora excreted in 28,1% of cases. Bacterial inflammation in odontogenous chronic sinuitis was in 68,8% of cases also caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy and safety of general air cryotherapy with addition of the moisturizing agent Xemose cream (Uriage cosmetic line) for correction of psoriasis. Xemose cream is a universal emollient thermal-water based cream for very dry skin and skin prone to atopy. It hydrates and restores the skin barrier, limits the action of irritative factors.

Matereals and methods: Contemporary methods of therapy of 6 patients with psoriasis are described. We combined traditional therapy with the general air cryotherapy with addition of the moisturizing agent Xemose cream.

Results: Curing the patients during 15 days lead to significant reduction of skin pathology as well as substantial reduction of the PASI.

Summary: Complex treatment appeared to be more effective than usage of each of methods itself.

Purpose: To study the state of the autonomic nervous system in diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in patients with varying severity of pain symptoms.

Materials and Methods: in 140 patients with rhinosinusitis with varying severity of pain symptoms measured tone of the autonomic nervous system.

Results: All patients had marked dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, and significant alterations were in groups of patients with the most pronounced symptom of pain and the absence of pain.

Summary: The presence of disorders of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system influences the pathogenesis of the disease, determining its clinical manifestations in the form of the intensity of the pain symptom.

Purpose: Comprehensive assessment of pain symptoms in patients with diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Materials and Methods: The evaluation of orofacial pain symptoms in 140 patients with diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses with the «Multidimensional Pain verbal color test».

Results: Revealed that acute rhinosinusitis main component of the pain symptoms - is somatic pain. During exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, the main component of pain is a symptom of touch. In patients with chronic rhinitis predominant psychogenic nature of the pain.

Summary: Evaluation of components that make up the painful symptoms (somatic, sensory and psychogenic), allows you to define the features of the pathogenesis of the disease and determine treatment strategy.

Purpose: Studing of the part performed by metabolic syndrome in angiogenic cochleovestibulopathy (ACVP) development.

Materials and Methods: We examined 32 patients complaining of amblyacousia and dizziness.

Results: In accordance with the damage topography of the otopharyngeal and vestibular analyzers, all of these people were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 15 patients with peripheral cochleovestibular syndrome of a vascular genesis. Additional investigation of adiposis degree, carbohydrate and lipid exchange, revealed metabolic syndrome (MS) in 9 patients (60%). In 17 patients of group 2, MS was diagnosed on the ground of visceral adiposis, hypertensive disease, abnormal lipidic and carbohydrate metabolisms, abnormal cerebral circulation. Otoneurology examination revealed ACVP with the central level of damage in the otopharyngeal and vestibular analyzers.

Summary: It was concluded that MS development factors take part in pathogenesis of the both the peripheral and central levels of damage in the otopharyngeal and vestibular analyzers. The examination of ACVP patients should include a study of MS factors, and of those suffering from MS – the study of the functions of the otopharyngeal and vestibular analyzers.

Purpose: Clinical and pathogenetic justification of the original method prevention septic complications in laparoscopic appendectomy.

Materials and Methods: The method was tested with laparoscopic appendectomy in 12 patients with the presence of marked destructive changes of the appendix and in patients with diffuse or delimited peritonitis.

Results: Using an original technique prevention of septic complications in patients with destructive appendicitis allowed to avoid the development of postoperative intraabdominal septic complications in all patients of study group.

Summary: The original way to prevent septic complications can improve outcomes in patients with destructive forms of acute appendicitis and expand indications for laparoscopic appendectomy.

Educational psychology is important part of teaching process that is needed for full explanation of information to the students. Using this science by teacher leads to the final result – obtaining knowledge – as well as subproduct – appearance of interest to learning process. Interactive form of lectures and practical training brings to stable attention and interest of students. Thus, the structure of learning process is connected with a psychological contact of teacher and student. Its correct use will be the most effective for education.