Prediction of adverse outcome risk in patients with stable coronary artery disease one year after coronary stenting using pro-inflammatory cytokine level assessment

Objective: of this study was to assess the cytokine profile in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation and to develop a prognostic model for estimating the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes during one year follow-up. Materials and methods: the study included 89 patients with stable CAD. Of these, 45 patients underwent PCI with stenting, and 44 patients were hospitalized for conservative management of CAD. The prognostic model was developed for the cohort of patients after PCI. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, IL-4, and TNF-α were measured at baseline. All patients were followed for one year. A prognostic model for cardiovascular risk assessment was developed using logistic regression analysis. Results: during the one-year follow-up, adverse outcomes were observed in 19 (42.22%) patients in the interventional treatment group and 8 (18.18%) patients in the conservative treatment group (χ²=6,08; р=0,0136). Patients after PCI who developed adverse cardiovascular outcomes had significantly higher baseline levels of IL-6 and IL-17 compared to patients without adverse outcomes (p<0,05). A two-component prognostic model based on IL-6 and IL-17 levels was developed. The area under the ROC curve was 0,757+0,09, with a sensitivity of 77,8% and a specificity of 75,5%. Conclusion: elevated baseline levels of IL-6 and IL-17 are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable CAD within one year after PCI with stenting. Assessment of the cytokine profile may serve as an additional tool for individualized cardiovascular risk stratification.

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