The role of vitamin D in the functioning of the human reproductive system

This article provides a scientific literature review devoted to an issue: the role of vitamin D in the functioning of the human reproductive system. The data analysis was based on original foreign and domestic studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses (“CyberLeninka”, “Web of Science”, “Сochrane Library”, “PubMed”) mostly from 2020 to 2025 by the following keywords: “D-status”, “vitamin D”, “IVF”, “fertility”, “reproductive system”. In the process of analyzing the literature, most authors point to the relationship between a decrease in fertility rates, the development of obstetric and gynecological diseases and the level of vitamin D (25(OH)D). However, there is also controversial research data indicating the absence of this relationship due to the heterogeneity of data on initial vitamin D levels, dosages, climatic and national characteristics. This review systematizes current data on the key role of vitamin D in male and female reproductive health. The mechanisms of its influence on the female reproductive system are described, such as folliculogenesis, endometrial receptivity, immune mechanisms of embryo implantation and male spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis.

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