Скрининговая диагностика состояния психического дистресса и потребления алкоголя у пациентов соматического профиля, госпитализированных по неотложным показаниям

Цель: изучить с помощью опросника SCL-5 распространённость психического дистресса в связи с потреблением алкоголя, социо-демографическими и некоторыми клиническими характеристиками среди соматических пациентов, госпитализированных в клиническую больницу. Материалы и методы: сбор материала проводился в 2016– 2017 гг. в ГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница им. В.П. Демихова г. Москвы. В исследование было включено 3009 пациентов. Были собраны основные социо-демографические сведения. Оценка потребления алкоголя производилась с помощью AUDIT-4, а состояния психического дистресса — SCL-5. Результаты: количество женщин, набравших более двух баллов SCL-5, превосходило количество мужчин. Чаще находились в состоянии психического дистресса разведенные и вдовы. Распределение количества пациентов с дистрессом по зонам теста AUDIT-4 имело «J»-образную форму. Наиболее подвержены дистрессу оказались группы «Терапевтический профиль» и «Кардиологический профиль». Заключение: раннее распознавание и коррекция психического дистресса у лиц с вредным потреблением алкоголя в первичном медико-санитарном звене может улучшить комплаенс пациента и исходы лечения. Опросник SCL-5 показал себя кратким и удобным инструментом диагностики психического дистресса.

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