Features of the formation of hybrid humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2
https://doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2025-16-2-117-122
Abstract
Objective: to assess the dynamics of changes in the levels of specific antibodies in individuals with a history of COVID-19 and those vaccinated with synthetic peptides of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: 40 people who had COVID-19 and immunized with synthetic SARS-CoV-2 peptides were examined. Methods: ELISA diagnostics of specific antibodies to the S and N protein of SARS-CoV-2 and statistical. Results: with COVID-19 in the post-infectious period, the production of S-protein-specific IgG is observed throughout the year from the moment of recovery. Vaccination of recovered individuals with peptide antigens leads to increased synthesis of IgG not only to the S-protein, but also to the N protein of the coronavirus, with a stable tendency towards an increase in antibody content over 3 months of observation. Conclusions: humoral post-infectious immunity is characterized by the predominant production of IgG to the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2, which persist for a year from the moment of recovery, while hybrid immunity, along with the production of antibodies to the S-protein, promotes the predominant synthesis of Ig G to the N protein SARA -CoV-2.
About the Authors
L. P. Sizyakina
Rostov State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Lyudmila P. Sizyakina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, head of the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology
Rostov-on-Don
Competing Interests:
Authors declare no conflict of interest
V. Ya. Zakurskaya
Rostov State Medical University
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Vita Ya. Zakurskaya, Assistant of the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology
Rostov-on-Don
Competing Interests:
Authors declare no conflict of interest
References
1. Mohamed K, Rzymski P, Islam MS, Makuku R, Mushtaq A,et al. COVID-19 vaccinations: The unknowns, challenges, and hopes. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1336-1349. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27487
2. Yunusova M.A., Lutsenko E.S., Tsapkova N.N., Brazhnikov A.Yu., Saltykova T.S., Yudina V.S. The Level of IgG to Coronavirus Infection among the Medical Institution Employees. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2022;21(5):14-20. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-5-14-20
3. Novikova E.A., Petrova A.G., Moskaleva E.V., Vanyarkinа A.S., Rychkova L.V. Retrospective of International Serological Studies on the Formation and Dynamics of the Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: from 2020 to 2021. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2021;6(2):47-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29413/ABS.2021-6.2.5
4. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, et al. Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2027-2034. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa344
5. Yonker LM, Swank Z, Bartsch YC, Burns MD, Kane A, et al. Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis. Circulation. 2023;147(11):867-876. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025
6. Zaçe D, La Gatta E, Petrella L, Di Pietro ML. The impact of COVID-19 vaccines on fertility-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2022;40(42):6023-6034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.019
7. Lai CC, Chen IT, Chao CM, Lee PI, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. COVID-19 vaccines: concerns beyond protective efficacy and safety. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021;20(8):1013-1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1949293 .
8. Sizyakina L.P., Andrreeva I.I., Kharitonova M.V., Zaitseva N.S., Lyubimov D.S., et al. Mechanisms of formation of hybrid immunity in people who recovered from COVID-19 and were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2022;24(3):629-640. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-MOF-2490
9. Sizyakina L.P., Andrreeva I.I., Kharitonova M.V., Zaitseva N.S., Lyubimov D.S., et al. Post-vaccination immunity phenotypes upon usage of EpiVacCorona vaccine in the persons who suffered COVID-19. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2022;24(2):367-378. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-PVI-2457
10. Yaugel-Novoa M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty? Mucosal Immunol. 2022;15(6):1170-1180. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-022-00569-w
11. Zhang Z, Mateus J, Coelho CH, Dan JM, Moderbacher CR, et al. Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines. Cell. 2022;185(14):2434-2451.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.022
12. Semenova E.V., Pavliuk V.V., Uvarova M.A., Ivanov A.V. Features of humoral immunity after COVID-19. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2022;24(2):337-350. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-FOH-2452
13. Toptygina A.P., Semikina E.L., Zakirov R.S., Afridonova Z.E. Comparison of the humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescents. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2022;12(3):495-504. https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-COT-1809
14. Bai Z, Cao Y, Liu W, Li J. The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Role in Viral Structure, Biological Functions, and a Potential Target for Drug or Vaccine Mitigation. Viruses. 2021;13(6):1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061115
Review
For citations:
Sizyakina L.P., Zakurskaya V.Ya. Features of the formation of hybrid humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2025;16(2):117-122. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2025-16-2-117-122
Views:
31
Email this article 