<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2018-9-2-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности диагностики, хирургического лечения и новые методы реабилитации при тотальном эндопротезировании крупных суставов у пациентов с саркопенией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of diagnostic methods, surgical treatment and new rehabilitation methods of large joint total arthroplasty in patients with sarcopenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филонов</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filonov</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филонов Илья Леонидович, аспирант кафедры травматологии и ортопедии.</p><p>  Ростов-на-Дону.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya L. Filonov, post-graduate student of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fillill@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алабут</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alabut</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алабут Анна Владимирровна, д.м.н., доцент кафедры травматологии и ортопедии.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Alabut, PhD, associate professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alabut@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сикилинда</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sikilinda</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сикилинда Владимир Данилович, д.м.н., проф., заведующий кафедры травматологии и ортопедии.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Sikilinda, PhD, Prof., Head of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.sikilinda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуйко</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuiko</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чуйко Дмитрий Сергеевич, врач травматолог-ортопед травматолого-ортопедического отделения.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Chuiko, Orthopedic traumatologist of the department of Traumatology and Orthopedics.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chuiko-travm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Филонов И.Л., Алабут А.В., Сикилинда В.Д., Чуйко Д.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филонов И.Л., Алабут А.В., Сикилинда В.Д., Чуйко Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filonov I.L., Alabut A.V., Sikilinda V.D., Chuiko D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/648">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/648</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведен анализ литературных источников, посвященных диагностике, особенностям хирургического лечения и реабилитации после эндопротезирования крупных суставов у пациентов с саркопенией. Применены дескриптивные и аналитические методы. Поиск публикаций осуществлен по базам e-library, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Th eCochraneLibrary, РИНЦ. На сегодняшний день нет единых критериев для идентификации лиц с саркопенией, а также нет единых протоколов ведения таких пациентов в послеоперационном периоде после тотальной артропластики крупных суставов, что требует проведения новых рандомизированных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Th is article provides an analysis of literature sources on diagnostic methods, features of surgical treatment and rehabilitation aft er large joint total arthroplasty in patients with sarcopenia. Descriptive and analytical methods were applied. Publications were sought on e - library, Medline, Scopus, Pub Med, Th e Cochrane Library and RINC. Th ere is currently no single criteria for identifying individuals with sarcopenia and there are no unifi ed protocols to follow such patients in the postoperative period aft er total arthroplasty of large joints, which requires new randomized experiments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование суставов</kwd><kwd>высокоинтенсивная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>ВМС</kwd><kwd>HIMS</kwd><kwd>обзор.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>arthroplasty of joints</kwd><kwd>high intensity magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>HIMS</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Baeyens J.P., Bauer J.M., Boirie Y., Cederholm T., Landi .F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on defi nition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. // Age and Ageing. – 2010. – V.39(4). – P.412-423. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM,Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age and Ageing.2010;39(4):412-423. doi:10.1093/ageing/afq034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S.H., Kim T.H., Hwang H.J. Th e relationship of physical activity (PA) and walking with sarcopenia in Korean males aged 60 years and older using the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2, 3), 2008-2009. // Arch Gerontol Geriatr. – 2013. – V.56(3). – P. 472–477. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim SH, Kim TH, Hwang HJ. The relationship of physical activity (PA) and walking with sarcopenia in Korean males aged 60 years and older using the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2, 3), 2008-2009.Arch GerontolGeriatr. 2013;56(3):472–477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ji H.M., Han J., Jin D.S., Suh H., Chung Y.S., Won Y.Y. Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery. // Clin Orthop Surg. – 2016. – V.8(2). – P.194-202. doi: 10.4055/cios.2016.8.2.194</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ji HM, Han J, Jin DS, Suh H, Chung YS, Won YY.   Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery.   ClinOrthopSurg. 2016;8(2):194-202. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2016.8.2.194</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel H.P., Syddall H.E., Jameson K., Robinson S., Denison H., Roberts H.S., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people in the UK using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defi nition: fi ndings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). // Ageand Ageing. – 2013. – V.42(3). – P.378-384. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afs197</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel HP, Syddall HE, Jameson K, Robinson S, Denison H, Roberts HS, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people in the UK using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS). AgeandAgeing. 2013;42(3):378-384. doi:10.1093/ageing/afs197</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel H.P., White M.C., Westbury L., Syddall H.E., Stephens P.J., Clough G.F., et al. Skeletal muscle morphology in sarcopenia defi ned using the EWGSOP criteria: fi ndings from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS). // BMC Geriatrics. – 2015. – V.15. – P.171. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0171-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel HP, White MC, Westbury L, Syddall HE, Stephens PJ, Clough GF, et al. Skeletal muscle morphology in sarcopenia defined using the EWGSOP criteria: findings from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS). BMC Geriatrics. 2015;15:171. doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0171-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgartner R.N., Waters D.L. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Pathy MSJ, editor. Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine. - London, UK: John Wiley and Sons; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumgartner RN, Waters DL. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.Pathy MSJ, editor. Principles and Practice of Geriatric Meidcine. London, UK: John Wiley and Sons; 2006: 909–933.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang T., Steeper T., Cawthon P., Baldwin K., Taafe D.R., Harris T.B. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention and assessment. // Osteoporosis International. – 2010. – V.21. – P.543–559. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-1059-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang T, Steeper T, Cawthon P, Baldwin K, Taafe DR, Harris TB. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention and assessment. Osteoporosis International. 2010;21:543–559.doi:  10.1007/s00198-009-1059-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sirola J., Rikkonen T., Kröger H., Honkanen R., Tuppurainen M., Airaksinen O., et al. Factors related to postmenopausal muscle performance: a cross-sectional population-based study. // European Journal of Applied Physiology. – 2004. – V.93(1-2). – P.102–107. doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1173-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sirola J, Rikkonen T, Kröger H, Honkanen R, Tuppurainen M, Airaksinen O, et al. Factors related to postmenopausal muscle performance: a cross-sectional population-based study. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2004;93(1-2):102–107.doi: 10.1007/s00421-004-1173-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snih S.A., Markides K.S., Ottenbacher K.J., Raji M.A. Hand grip strength and incident ADL disability in elderlyMexican Americans over a seven-year period. // Aging Clinicaland Experimental Research. – 2004. – V.16(6). – P.481–486. doi: 10.1007/BF03327406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SnihSAl, MarkidesKS, OttenbacherKJ, RajiMA. Hand grip strength and incident ADL disability in elderlyMexican Americans over a seven-year period.Aging Clinicaland Experimental Research.2004;16(6):481–486. doi.org/10.1007/BF03327406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rantanen T., Volpato S., Ferrucci L., Heikkinen E., Fried L.P., Guralnik J.M. Handgrip strength and cause-specifi cand total mortality in older disabled women: exploring themechanism. // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. – 2003. – V.51(5). – P.636–641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RantanenT, VolpatoS, FerrucciL, HeikkinenE, FriedLP,GuralnikJM.Handgrip strength and cause-specificand total mortality in older disabled women: exploring themechanism. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.2003;51(5):636–641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown M., Sinacore D.R., Binder E.F., Kohrt W.M. Physical and performance measures for the identifi cation of mild to moderate frailty. // Journals of Gerontology Series A. – 2000. – V.55(6). – P.M350–M355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BrownM, SinacoreDR, BinderEF, KohrtWM. Physical and performance measures for the identification of mild to moderate frailty. Journals of Gerontology Series A.2000;55(6): M350–M355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callahan D., Phillips E., Carabello R., Frontera W.R., Fielding R.A. Assessment of lower extremity muscle power in functionally-limited elders. // Aging Clinical and ExperimentalResearch. – 2007. – V.19(3). – P.194–199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CallahanD, PhillipsE, CarabelloR, FronteraWR, FieldingRA. Assessment of lower extremity muscle power in functionally-limited elders. Aging Clinical and ExperimentalResearch. 2007;19(3):194–199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman A.B., Haggerty C.L., Goodpaster B., Harris T., Kritchevsky S., Nevitt M., et al. Strength and muscle quality in a well-functioning cohort of older adults. Th e Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. // Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. – 2003. – V.51(3). – P.323–330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NewmanAB, HaggertyCL, GoodpasterB,Harris T, Kritchevsky S, Nevitt M,et al.Strength and muscle quality in a well-functioning cohort of older adults. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2003;51(3):323–330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Studenski S.A., Peters K.W., Alley D.E., Cawthon P.M., McLean R.R., Harris T.B., et al. Th e FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and fi nal estimates. // J Gerontol Ser A Biol Med Sci. – 2014. – V.69(5). – P. 547–558. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J GerontolSer A Biol Med Sci. 2014;69(5):547–558. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L.K., Liu L.K., Woo J., Assantachai P., Auyeung T.W., Bahyah K.S., et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. // J Am Med Dir Assoc. – 2014. – V.15(2). – P.95–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(2):95–101.doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guralnik J.M., Simonsick E.M., Ferrucci L., Glynn R.J., Berkman L.F., Blazer D.G., et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with selfreported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. // Journals of Gerontology. – 1994. – V.49(2). – P. M85–M94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GuralnikJM, SimonsickEM, FerrucciL,Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al.A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission.Journals of Gerontology. 1994;49(2):M85–M94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Working Group on Functional Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials. Functional outcomes for clinical trials in frail older persons: time to be moving. // Journals of Gerontology Series A. – 2008. – V.63(2). – P.160–164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Cress E, et al.Functional outcomes for clinical trials in frail older persons: time to be moving. JournalsofGerontologySeriesA.2008;63(2):160–164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поворознюк В.В., Дзерович Н.И. Саркопения и Возраст: обзор литературы и результаты собственных исследований // Боль. Суставы. Позвоночник.- 2012. - №3(7). - С.713</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Поворознюк В.В., Дзерович Н.И. Саркопения и Возраст: обзор литературы и результаты собственных исследований // Боль.Суставы.Позвоночник.- 2012. - №3(7). - С.7-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deschenes M.R. Eff ects of aging on muscle fi bre type and size. // Sports Med. – 2004. – V.34(12). – P.809–824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deschenes MR. Effects of aging on muscle fibre type and size. Sports Med.2004;34(12):809–824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts H.C., Denison H.J., Martin H.J., Patel H.P., Syddall H., Cooper C., et al. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardized approach. // Age Ageing. – 2011. – V.40(4). – P.423–429. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afr051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, et al. Areview of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiologicalstudies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40(4):423–429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel H.P., Syddall H.E., Martin H.J., Stewart C.E., Cooper C., Sayer A.A. Hertfordshire sarcopenia study: design and methods. // BMC Geriatrics. – 2010. – V.10. – P. 43. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel HP, Syddall HE, Martin HJ, Stewart CE, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Hertfordshire sarcopenia study: design and methods. BMC Geriatrics. 2010;10:43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel H.P., Syddall H.E., Martin H.J., Cooper C., Stewart C., Sayer A.A. Th e feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: fi ndings from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS). // J Nutr Health Aging. – 2011. – V.15(1). – P.10–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel HP, Syddall HE, Martin HJ, Cooper C, Stewart C, Sayer AA. The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS). J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(1):10–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janssen I., Baumgartner R.N., Ross R., Rosenberg I.H., Roubenoff R. Skeletal muscle cut points associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. // Am J Epidemiol. – 2004. – V.159(4). – P. 413–421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janssen I, Baumgartner RN, Ross R, Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(4):413–421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song M.Y., Ruts E., Kim J., Janumala I., Heymsfi eld S., Gallagher D. Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infi ltration of muscle in elderly African American women. // Am J ClinNutr. – 2004. – V.79(5). – P.874–880. doi: 10.1093/ ajcn/79.5.874</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song MY, Ruts E, Kim J, Janumala I, Heymsfield S, Gallagher D. Sarcopenia and increased adipose tissue infiltration of muscle in elderly African American women. Am J ClinNutr. 2004; 79(5):874–880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeves N.D., Maganaris C.N., Narici M.V. Ultrasonographic assessment of human skeletal muscle size. // Eur J Appl Physiol. – 2004. – V.91(1). – P.116–118. doi: 10.1007/s00421003-0961-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeves ND, Maganaris CN, Narici MV. Ultrasonographic assessment of human skeletal muscle size. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(1):116–118. doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0961-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narici M., Cerretelli P. Changes in human muscle architecture in disuse-atrophy evaluated by ultrasound imaging. // J Gravit Physiol. – 1998. – V.5(1). – P.73–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narici M, Cerretelli P. Changes in human muscle architecture in disuse-atrophy evaluated by ultrasound imaging. J Gravit Physiol. 1998;5(1):73–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visser M., Goodpaster B.H., Kritchevsky S.B., Newman A.B., Nevitt M., Rubin S.M., et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infi ltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. // J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. – 2005. – V.60(3). – P.324–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visser M, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Nevitt M, Rubin SM, et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. J Gerontol A BiolSci Med Sci. 2005;60(3):324–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnick S.L., Lewis L.A. Bone densitometry for technologists. - New Jersey, Totowa, Humana Press Inc., 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnick SL, Lewis LA. Bone densitometry for technologists. 2nd Ed. New Jersey, Totowa, Humana Press Inc., 2006,416 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J., Heshka S., Gallagher D., Kotler D.P., Mayer L., Albu J., et al. Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry in adults. // J Appl Physiol. – 2004. – V.97(2). – P.655–660. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00260.2004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J,Heshka S, Gallagher D, Kotler DP, Mayer L, Albu J, et al. Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry in adults. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97(2):655–660. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00260.2004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Wang Z., Lohman T., Heymsfi eld S.B., Outwater E., Nicholas J.S., et al. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a valid tool for assessing skeletal muscle mass in older women. // J Nutr. – 2007. – V.137(12). – P.2775–2780. doi: 10.1093/ jn/137.12.2775</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z, Wang Z, Lohman T, Heymsfield SB, Outwater E, Nicholas JS, et al. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a valid tool for assessing skeletal muscle mass in older women. J Nutr. 2007;137(12):2775–2780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ундрицов В.М., Ундрицов И.М., Серова Л.Д., Саркопения – новая медицинская нозология. // Физкультура в профилактике, лечении и реабилитации. – 2009. - №4(31). С. 7-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">УндрицовВ.М., УндрицовИ.М., СероваЛ.Д., Саркопения – новаямедицинскаянозология //Физкультура в профилактике, лечении и реабилитации. – 2009. - №4(31). - С. 7-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janssen I., Heymsfi eld S.B., Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. // J Am Geriatr Soc. – 2002. – V.50(5). – P.889–896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(5):889–896.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muscaritoli M., Anker S.D., Argilés J., Aversa Z., Bauer J.M., Biolo G., et al. Consensus defi nition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) «cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases» and «nutrition in geriatrics». // Clin. Nutr. – 2010. – V.29(2). – P. 154–159. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argilés J, Aversa Z, Bauer JM, Biolo G, et al.Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics".Clin. Nutr. 2010;29(2):154–159. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.12.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buehring B., Krueger D., Binkley N. Eff ect of including historical height and radius BMD measurement on sarco-osteoporosis prevalence. // Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. – 2013. – V.4(1). – P.47-54. doi: 10.1007/s13539-0120080-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buehring B, Krueger D, Binkley N. Effect of including historical height and radius BMD measurement on sarco-osteoporosis prevalence. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2013;4(1):47-54. doi:10.1007/s13539-012-0080-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белая Ж.Е. Саркопения: современные подходы к диагностике и лечению //Эффективная фармакотерапия. Эндокринология. –2014. - №5(46). -С. 42-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белая Ж.Е. Саркопения: современные подходы к диагностике и лечению //Эффективная фармакотерапия. Эндокринология. –2014. - №5(46). -С. 42-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shepherd J.A., Lu Y., Wilson K., Fuerst T., Genant H., et al. Cross-calibration and minimum precision standards for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the 2005 ISCD Offi cial Positions. // J Clin Densitom. – 2006. – V.9(1). – P. 31-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2006.05.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shepherd JA, Lu Y, Wilson K, FuerstT,GenantH,Hangartner T, et al. Cross-Calibration and Minimum Precision Standards for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: The 2005 ISCD Official Positions. J ClinDensitom. 2006;9(1):31-36 doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2006.05.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang M.J., Kang Y.G., Chang C.B., Seong S.C., Kim T.K. Th e patterns of limb length, height, weight and body mass index changes aft er total knee arthroplasty. // J Arthroplasty. – 2013. – V.28(10). – P. 1856-1861. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.03.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang MJ, Kang YG, Chang CB, Seong SC, Kim TK. The patterns of limb length, height, weight and body mass index changes after total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(10):1856-1861.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y.K., Ha Y.C., Yoon B.H., Koo K.H. Incidence of second hip fracture and compliant use of bisphosphonate. // Osteoporos Int. – 2013. – V.24(7). – P. 2099-2104. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2250-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee YK, Ha YC, Yoon BH, Koo KH. Incidence of second hip fracture and compliant use of bisphosphonate. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(7):2099-2104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang B.J., Ha Y.C., Hwang S.C., Lee Y.K., Koo K.H. Midterm results of large diameter Biolox forte ceramic head on delta ceramic liner articulation in total hip arthroplasty. // J Arthroplasty. – 2014. – V.29(12). – P. 2412-2414. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.03.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang BJ, Ha YC, Hwang SC, Lee YK, Koo KH. Midterm results of large diameter Biolox forte ceramic head on delta ceramic liner articulation in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(12):2412-2414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolland Y., Lauwers-Cances V., Cristini C., Abellan van Kan G., Janssen I., Morley J.E., et al. Diffi culties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenicobesity in community-dwelling elderly women: the EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l’OSteoporose) Study. // Am J ClinNutr. – 2009. – V.89(6). – P.1895-1900. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26950</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolland Y, Lauwers-Cances V, Cristini C, Abellan van Kan G, Janssen I, Morley JE,et al. Difficulties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic-obesity in community-dwelling elderly women: the EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l'OSteoporose) Study. Am J ClinNutr. 2009;89(6):1895-1900.doi:  10.3945/ajcn.2008.26950</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Insall J.N., Hood R.W., Flawn L.B., Sullivan D.J. Th e total condylar knee prosthesis in gonarthrosis: a fi ve to nine-year follow-up of the fi rst one hundred consecutive replacements. // JBone Joint SurgAm. – 1983. – V.65. – P.619-628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Insall JN, Hood RW, Flawn LB, Sullivan DJ. The total condylar knee prosthesis in gonarthrosis: a five to nine-year follow-up of the first one hundred consecutive replacements. JBone Joint SurgAm.1983;65:619-628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bistolfi A., Bettoni E., Aprato A., Milani P., Berchialla P., Berchialla P., et al. Th e presence and infl uence of mild depressive symptoms on post-operative pain perception following primary total knee arthroplasty. // Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. – 2017. – V.25(9). – P.2792-2800. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3737-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bistolfi A, Bettoni E, Aprato A, Milani P, Berchialla P, Berchialla P, et al.  The presence and influence of mild depressive symptoms on post-operative pain perception following primary total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.2017;25(9):2792-2800. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3737-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Błaszczak E., Franek A., Taradaj J., Widuchowski J., Klimczak J. Assessment of the effi cacy and safety of low frequency, low intensity magnetic fi elds in patients aft er knee endoprosthesisplasty. Part 1: in vitro safety. // Bioelectromagnetics. – 2009. – V.30. – P. 159-162. doi: 10.1002/ bem.20457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Błaszczak E, Franek A, Taradaj J, Widuchowski J, Klimczak J. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of low frequency, low intensity magnetic fields in patients after knee endoprosthesisplasty. Part 1: in vitro safety. Bioelectromagnetics. 2009;30:159-162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adravanti P., Nicoletti S., Setti S., Ampollini A., De Girolamo L. Eff ect of pulsed electromagnetic fi eld therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. // International Orthopaedics. – 2014. – V. 38. – P. 397403. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2216-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adravanti P, Nicoletti S, Setti S, Ampollini A, De Girolamo L. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. International Orthopaedics.2014;38:397-403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moretti B., Notarnicola A., Moretti L., Setti S., De Terlizzi F., et al. I-ONE therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomised and controlled study. // BMC Musculo skelet Disord. – 2010. – V.13. – P.88. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-88</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moretti B, Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Setti S, De Terlizzi F, et al.  I-ONE therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomised and controlled study. BMCMusculoskeletDisord. 2010;13:88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beswick A.D., Wylde V., Gooberman-Hill R., Blom A., Dieppe P. What proportion of patients report long-term pain aft er total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis? A systematic review of prospective studies in unselected patients. // BMJOpen. – 2012. – V.2. – P.e000435. doi: 10.1136/ bmjopen-2011-000435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beswick AD, Wylde V, Gooberman-Hill R, Blom A, Dieppe P. What proportion of patients report long-term pain after total hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis? A systematic review of prospective studies in unselected patients. BMJOpen. 2012;2:e000435. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim M.S., Khan M.A., Nizam I., Haddad F.S. Perioperative interventions producing better functional outcomes and enhanced recovery following total hip and knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based review. // BMC Med. – 2013. – V.11.- P. 37. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim MS, Khan MA, Nizam I, Haddad FS. Peri-operative interventions producing better functional outcomes and enhanced recovery following total hip and knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based review. BMC Med. 2013;11:37. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizner R.L., Petterson S.C., Stevens J.E., Axe M.J., SnyderMackler L. Preoperative quadriceps strength predicts functional ability one year aft er total knee arthroplasty. // JR heumatol. – 2005. – V.32. – P.1533-1539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Stevens JE, Axe MJ, Snyder-MacklerL Preoperative quadriceps strength predicts functional ability one year after total knee arthroplasty. JRheumatol. 2005;32:1533-1539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bade M.J., Kohrt W.M., Stevens-Lapsley J.E. Outcomes before and aft er total knee arthroplasty compared to healthy adults. // J Orthop Sports Phys Th er. – 2010. – V.40. – P.559– 567. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bade MJ, Kohrt WM, Stevens-Lapsley JE. Outcomes before and after total knee arthroplasty compared to healthy adults. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 2010;40:559–567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C.H., Cheng C.K., Lee Y.T., Lee K.S. Muscle strength aft er successful total knee replacement: a 6- to 13-year followup. // Clin Orthop Relat Res. – 1996. – V.328. – P.147–154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang CH, Cheng CK, Lee YT, Lee KS. Muscle strength after successful total knee replacement: a 6- to 13-year follow-up. ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1996;328:147–154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Connelly D.M., Vandervoort A.A. Eff ects of detraining on knee extensor strength and functional mobility in a group of elderly women. // J Orthop Sports Phys Th er. – 1997. – V.26. – P. 340–346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Connelly DM, Vandervoort AA. Effects of detraining on knee extensor strength and functional mobility in a group of elderly women. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 1997;26:340–346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moxley Scarborough D., Krebs D.E., Harris B.A. Quadriceps muscle strength and dynamic stability in elderly persons. // Gait Posture. – 1999. – V.10. – P.10–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moxley Scarborough D, Krebs DE, Harris BA. Quadriceps muscle strength and dynamic stability in elderly persons. Gait Posture. 1999;10:10–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizner R.L., Petterson S.C., Snyder-Mackler L. Quadriceps strength and the time course of functional recovery aft er total knee arthroplasty. // J Orthop Sports Phys Th er. – 2005. – V.35. – P.424–436. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.7.424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Snyder-Mackler L. Quadriceps strength and the time course of functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 2005;35:424–436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sisk T.D., Stralka S.W., Deering M.B., Griffi n J.W. Eff ect of electrical stimulation on quadriceps strength aft er reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament. // Am J Sports Med. – 1987. –V.15. – P.215–220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sisk TD, Stralka SW, Deering MB, Griffin JW. Effect of electrical stimulation on quadriceps strength after reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:215–220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snyder-Mackler L., De Luca P.F., Williams P.R., Eastlack M.E., Bartolozzi A.R. 3rd, et al. Refl ex inhibition of the quadriceps femoris muscle aft er injury or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. // J Bone Joint Surg Am. – 1994. – V.76(4). – P.555–560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snyder-Mackler L, De Luca PF, Williams PR, Eastlack ME, Bartolozzi AR 3rd, et al. Reflex inhibition of the quadriceps femoris muscle after injury or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(4):555–560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snyder-Mackler L., Delitto A., Bailey S.L., Stralka S.W. Strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle and functional recovery aft er reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of electrical stimulation. // J Bone Joint Surg Am. – 1995. – V.77(8). – P.1166–1173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snyder-Mackler L, Delitto A, Bailey SL, Stralka SW. Strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle and functional recovery after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of electrical stimulation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(8):1166–1173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens J.E., Mizner R.L., Snyder-Mackler L. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for quadriceps muscle strengthening after bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a case series. // J Orthop Sports PhysTh er. – 2004. – V.34(1). – P.21–29. doi: 10.2519/ jospt.2004.34.1.21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens JE, Mizner RL, Snyder-Mackler L. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for quadriceps muscle strengthening after bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a case series. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 2004;34(1):21–29. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2004.34.1.21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
