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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2016-4-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-458</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕХАНИЗМЫ АКТИВАЦИИ  И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ ГЕНОВ РАННЕГО ОТВЕТА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MECHANISMS OF IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES ACTIVATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 350063, г. Краснодар, ул. Седина, 4, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Sedina st., Krasnodar 350063, Russia, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">palpal.p@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липатова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipatova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 350063, г. Краснодар, ул. Седина, 4, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Sedina st., Krasnodar 350063, Russia, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">palpal.p@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каде</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kade</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 350063, г. Краснодар, ул. Седина, 4, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Sedina st., Krasnodar 350063, Russia, e-mail: palpal.p@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">palpal.p@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поляков П.П., Липатова А.С., Каде А.Х., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поляков П.П., Липатова А.С., Каде А.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakov P.P., Lipatova A.S., Kade A.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/458">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/458</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы функционирования генов раннего ответа. Описаны стимулы внешней среды, приводящие посредством ряда систем трансдукции сигнала к активации генов раннего ответа, из которых основное внимание уделено гену c-fos. Гены раннего ответа участвуют во многих нормальных и патологических процессах (пролиферации, дифференцировке, канцерогенезе, воспалении и стрессе). Наиболее изученные представители немедленно ранних генов — c-fos, c-jun и c-myc — являются человеческими гомологами соответствующих  генов, входящих в состав генома ретровирусов. В статье описаны основные системы трансдукции сигнала, участвующие в индукции транскрипции генов раннего ответа (митоген-активируемые киназы (МАРК),  пути трансдукции, связанные с протеинкиназой А и протеинкиназой  С, кальций-зависимые  пути). Каждая из систем передачи сигнала играет важную роль в активации генов раннего ответа. Трансдукция сигнала в конечном итоге ведет к активации факторов транскрипции и эпигенетическим модификациям, индуцирующим транскрипцию. Многие белковые продукты генов раннего ответа являются факторами транскрипции. Белки c-Fos  и c-Jun представляют собой компоненты фактора транскрипции АР-1, участвующего в активации генов позднего ответа (генов отсроченного ответа или фенотип специфических генов), которые регулируют дифференцировку и пролиферацию клеток. Нарушение активации генов раннего ответа является важным звеном патогенеза многих патологических процессов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In our article, we focus on molecular mechanisms of immediately early genes expression. We discuss extracellular signals that are transduced into the nucleus through a variety of signaling mechanisms to elicit changes in patterns of immediately early genes expression, chiefly focusing on c-fos. Immediate early genes are involved in many different normal and pathological processes including cell differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation,  oncogenic  transformation  and stress. The earliest known and best characterized include c-fos, c-myc and c-jun, genes that were found to be homologous to retroviral oncogenes. We highlight several signaling  pathways that induce genes expression such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase A, protein kinase C, JAK-STAT and calcium-dependent pathways. Each one plays important role in immediate early genes activation. Signal transduction eventually leads to the activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Immediate early gene products are on average mostly transcription factors. FOS and JUN are major components of the AP-1 transcription factor which is responsible for regulating late genes expression involved in multitude of different function such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, abnormally immediate early gene expression contributes to pathological processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гены раннего ответа</kwd><kwd>c-fos</kwd><kwd>митоген-активируемые протеинкиназные каскады</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immediately early genes</kwd><kwd>c-fos</kwd><kwd>mitogen-activated protein kinases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herdegen, Т. Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos and Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins / Т. Herdegen, J. D. Leah //Brain Research Reviews. 1998. Vol. 28, № 3. -P. 370-490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herdegen, Т. Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos and Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins / Т. 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