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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2026-17-2-71-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-2179</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Курение и функция внешнего дыхания у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Smoking and external respiratory function in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-1437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзуллина</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fayzullina</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Файзуллина Резеда Мансафовна, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rezeda M. Fayzullina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fayzullina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-8134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sannikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санникова Анна Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Sannikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sannikovanna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Городская детская клиническая больница №17</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University; City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 17</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Файзуллина Р.М., Санникова А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Файзуллина Р.М., Санникова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fayzullina R.M., Sannikova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2179">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2179</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявить курение, никотиновую зависимость и изучить параметры внешнего дыхания методом компьютерной бронхофонографии у детей в зависимости от курения. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: обследованы 142 ребенка в возрасте 11–17 лет, госпитализированных в педиатрический стационар. Курение у детей выявлялось методами анкетирования и определения котинина в моче, степень никотиновой зависимости — с помощью теста Фагерстрема, для оценки функции внешнего дыхания применялась компьютерная бронхофонография. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: установлено, что более 40% детей в возрасте 11–17 лет пробует курить и более 27% является курильщиками. Более 20% детей курит ежедневно и имеет в этом возрасте средний стаж курения 2,5 года. У каждого четвёртого курящего ребенка имеется от слабой до очень сильной никотиновой зависимости. При сравнении акустических параметров внешнего дыхания методом компьютерной бронхофонографии выявлено повышение показателей в среднечастотном диапазоне в 4 раза среди курящих детей по сравнению с некурящими. </p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: таким образом, более 27% детей старше 11 лет курит и имеет разной степени никотиновую зависимость. У курящих детей наблюдается повышение показателей акустического спектра внешнего дыхания в среднечастотном диапазоне, что может свидетельствовать о преимущественном поражении средних бронхов при курении. Компьютерная бронхофонография является важным методом ранней диагностики респираторной патологии у курящих детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify smoking, nicotine addiction, and study the parameters of external respiration using computer bronchophonography in children depending on smoking. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: 142 children aged 11–17 years, hospitalized in a pediatric hospital, were examined. Smoking in children was detected by questionnaire and determination of cotinine in urine, the degree of nicotine addiction was determined by the Fagerström test, and computer bronchophonography was used to assess the function of external respiration.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: it has been established that more than 40% of children aged 11–17 years old try to smoke and more than 27% are smokers. More than 20% of children smoke daily and have an average smoking experience of 2.5 years at this age. Every fourth smoking child has a weak to very strong nicotine addiction. When comparing the acoustic parameters of external respiration using computer bronchophonography, it was found that the indicators in the mid-frequency range were four times higher among smoking children compared to non-smoking children. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: thus, more than 27% of children over the age of 11 smoke and have varying degrees of nicotine addiction. Smoking children have increased acoustic spectrum of external respiration in the medium-frequency range, which may indicate the predominant lesion of the middle bronchi in smoking. Computer bronchophonography is an important method of early diagnosis of respiratory pathology in smoking children.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>компьютерная бронхофонография</kwd><kwd>функция внешнего дыхания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>computer bronchophonography</kwd><kwd>external respiratory function</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Файзуллина Р.М., Геппе Н.А., Санникова А.В., Шангареева З.А., Кожевникова Т.Н., и др. Курение детей и подростков как современная мультидисциплинарная проблема. 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