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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2026-17-1-43-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-2142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Плоды и новорождённые с пороками развития почек и мочевых путей: проблемы и принципы ведения пациентов в перинатальном периоде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fetuses and newborns with malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract: problems and principles of patient management in the perinatal period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-1871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлинова</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlinova</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлинова Елена Борисовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии с курсом ДПО, проректор по учебной работе</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Pavlinova, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics with Postgraduate Course, Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">123elena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-2126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губич</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Губич Анастасия Андреевна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии с курсом ДПО, заместитель декана педиатрического факультета</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Gubich, Candidate of Sciences in Medicine, Assistant, Hospital Pediatrics with Postgraduate Course, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastya930108@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлинова Е.Б., Губич А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлинова Е.Б., Губич А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlinova E.B., Gubich A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2142">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2142</self-uri><abstract><p>Врождённые пороки развития (ВПР) мочевыделительной системы (МВС) — это эмбриональные нарушения, возникающие во время внутриутробного развития и приводящие к различным дефектам почек и мочевыводящих путей, включая мочеточники, мочевой пузырь и уретру. Врождённые уропатии являются одними из наиболее распространённых врождённых аномалий. Прогноз для жизни пациента чрезвычайно вариабелен. В обзоре представлены современные данные об этиологии, факторах риска, патогенезе, методах антенатальной диагностики врождённых аномалий почек и мочевых путей. Особое внимание уделено ультразвуковому исследованию в анте- и постнатальном периодах, а также диагностическим критериям для идентификации пациентов группы риска. Описаны принципы обследования пациентов в постнатальном периоде, а также сложности при определении тактики ведения. Дана характеристика разного рода терапевтическим стратегиям для обеспечения сохранности функции МВС плода (везикоамниотическое шунтирование, внутриутробная цистоскопия). Особое внимание уделено их механизмам действия, а также преимуществам и недостаткам. В настоящее время актуальным направлением является разработка единого определенного подхода при ведении таких пациентов, что сложно обеспечить ввиду большого количества вариантов различных аномалий. Возникает необходимость профилактировать формирование данных состояний у плодов, нивелировать неблагоприятные последствия указанных ВПР в анте- и постнатальном периодах и, следовательно, сохранить хорошее функциональное состояние почек, обеспечить высокое качество жизни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital malformations (CM) of the urinary system (US) are embryonic disorders that occur during fetal development and result in various defects of the kidneys and urinary tract, including the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Congenital uropathies are among the most common congenital anomalies. The prognosis for the patient's life is extremely variable. The review presents modern data on the etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, methods of antenatal diagnostics of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Particular attention is paid to ultrasound examination in the ante- and postnatal periods, as well as diagnostic criteria for identifying patients at risk. The principles of examining patients in the postnatal period are described, as well as the difficulties in determining the tactics of management. A characteristic of various therapeutic strategies for preserving the function of the fetal US is given (vesicoamniotic shunting, intrauterine cystoscopy). Particular attention is paid to their mechanisms of action, as well as advantages and disadvantages. Currently, the current direction is the development of a single specific approach to the management of such patients, which is difficult to ensure due to the large number of variants of various anomalies. There is a need to prevent the formation of these conditions in fetuses, to mitigate the adverse effects of these CM in the ante- and postnatal periods and, consequently, to maintain good functional condition of the kidneys and ensure a high quality of life.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные пороки развития</kwd><kwd>врожденные аномалии развития</kwd><kwd>мочевыделительная система</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital malformations</kwd><kwd>congenital anomalies</kwd><kwd>urinary system</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murugapoopathy V., Gupta I.R. A primer on congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts (CAKUT). Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15(5):723-731. 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