The article presents information about the activities of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution "Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology" of Rospotrebnadzor during the Great Patriotic War. The authors have combined materials about the work of the Institute in the pre-war, war and post-war years. The article is dedicated to people who managed to show all their best qualities in incredibly difficult conditions, unite and contribute to the Victory over the hated enemy. In the conditions of a shortage of personnel and medical equipment, the Institute's employees restored the activities of bacteriological laboratories and Pasteur stations, organized work to combat outbreaks of typhoid and typhus, cholera, eliminated the sanitary consequences of the war, continued the development of effective immunobiological drugs (vaccines, toxoids, serums), which made it possible to prevent the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, both at the front and in the rear.