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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2025-16-3-54-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-2065</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ментизм у здоровых людей и при психических расстройствах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mentism in healthy people and in mental disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5766-1884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаповалова Людмила Владимировна, аспирант кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila V. Shapovalova, graduate student of Department of Psychiatry and Narcology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shapovalova.mila@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-3414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдаткин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatkin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдаткин Виктор Александрович, д.м.н., проф., заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Soldatkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, head of Department of Psychiatry and Narcology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sva-rostov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаповалова Л.В., Солдаткин В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаповалова Л.В., Солдаткин В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shapovalova L.V., Soldatkin V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2065">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/2065</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы посвящен проблеме ментизма — хорошо известного и в то же время неоднозначного феномена нарушения произвольности мышления. Представленный литературный материал основан на проведённом поиске русскоязычных и англоязычных статей в базах данных «ELibrary.ru», «Web of Science», «Scopus», «Clinical Case», «PubMed», «Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews». Поиск статей осуществлён по ключевым словам: «ментизм», произвольность мышления, автоматизм, базисные симптомы шизофрении. Критерии включения: полнотекстовые статьи на русском и английском языках; оригинальные исследования; кокрейновские обзоры; клинические наблюдения; дата публикации с 1895 по 2025 гг. Критерии исключения: абстракты, тезисы, учебные пособия; дата публикации до 1895 г. Всего найдено 126 публикаций. Критериям включения/исключения соответствовали 28 публикаций. В данном обзоре даны подробные описания феномена ментизма в разные исторические периоды. Предложена возможная типология ментизма, изучена соотносимость ментизма с аффективной патологией и шизофренией, положение ментизма в современных диагностических классификациях, интерпретация его как базисного симптома шизофрении и симптома аффективных расстройств. Авторы обзора приводят перечень нерешённых вопросов, связанных с ментизмом, предполагая, что их прояснение может быть полезным для улучшения качества диагностики и терапии психических расстройств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review is dedicated to the problem of mentism a well-known yet ambiguous phenomenon of impaired spontaneity of thought. The presented literary material is based on a search for Russian and English articles in the following databases: ELibrary.ru, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinical Case, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search for articles was conducted using the keywords: mentism; spontaneity of thought; automatism; basis symptoms of schizophrenia. Inclusion criteria: full-text articles in Russian and English; original research; Cochrane reviews; clinical observations; publication date from 1895 to 2025. Exclusion criteria: abstracts, theses, educational materials; publication date before 1895. A total of 126 publications were found. 28 publications met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. This review provides detailed descriptions of the phenomenon of mentism across diﬀerent historical periods. A possible typology of mentism is proposed, the relationship of mentism with aﬀective pathology and schizophrenia is examined, the position of mentism in contemporary diagnostic classiﬁcations, and its interpretation as a basis symptom of schizophrenia and a symptom of aﬀective disorders is discussed. The authors of the review present a list of unresolved questions related to mentism, suggesting that clarifying these issues could be beneﬁcial for improving the quality of diagnosis and therapy for mental disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ментизм</kwd><kwd>произвольность мышления</kwd><kwd>автоматизм</kwd><kwd>базисные симптомы шизофрении</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mentism</kwd><kwd>spontaneity of thought</kwd><kwd>automatism</kwd><kwd>basis symptoms of schizophrenia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.И., Голицына Е.Ю. Феномены насильственного мышления (ментизм и шперунг). Независимый психиатрический журнала. 2024;(1):23-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov V.I., Golicina E.Yu. Fenomeny nasil’stvennogo myshleniya (mentizm i shperung). 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