mvjrМедицинский вестник Юга РоссииMedical Herald of the South of Russia2219-80752618-7876The Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-4-122-128mvjr-1781Research Article3.2.4 МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАOCCUPATIONAL MEDICINEНейропластичность как основа двигательной реабилитацииNeuroplasticity as the basis of motor rehabilitationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6245-4987АмамчянА. Э.AmamchyanA. E.

Ашот Эдуардович Амамчян – к.м.н., доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии

Ростов-на-Дону

Ashot E. Amamchyan – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Physiology Department

Rostov-on-Don

amashot2011@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-2101ГафиятуллинаГ. Ш.GafiyatullinaG. Sh.

Гюзяль Шамилевна Гафиятуллина – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии

Ростов-на-Дону

Guzyal’ Sh. Gafiyatullina – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Physiology Department

Rostov-on-Don

ggsh@aaanet.ruРостовский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202309112023144122128Copyright © Амамчян А.Э., Гафиятуллина Г.Ш., 20232023Амамчян А.Э., Гафиятуллина Г.Ш.Amamchyan A.E., Gafiyatullina G.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1781

Заболевания нервной системы, которые сопровождаются нарушениями локомоторных реакций, занимают ведущее место среди причин инвалидизации. В этой связи в обзоре проведён анализ данных отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвящённых современным представлениям о нейрофизиологических механизмах пластичности, выступающих в роли ведущего звена в обеспечении восстановления движений при нейромоторных нарушениях. Особое внимание уделяется организации спинального локомоторного центра как общего конечного пути в реализации двигательной реабилитации, а также управлению локомоторного центра с учётом современных представлений о строении двигательной системы организма. По итогам систематизации данных литературы авторами дается заключение о доказанности нейропластичности спинального локомоторного центра и супраспинальных центров регуляции движений, а также указывается на целесообразность поиска методов активации пластичности центральной нервной системы.

Diseases of the nervous system, accompanied by impaired locomotor reactions, occupy a leading place among the causes of disability. In this regard, the review carried out an analysis of national and foreign scientific data devoted to current views about the neurophysiological mechanisms of plasticity and their leading role in ensuring the recovery of movements in neuromotor disorders. Special attention is given both to the organization of the spinal locomotor center as a common final path in the implementation of motor rehabilitation, and to the management of the locomotor center, taking into account modern ideas about the structure of the locomotor body system. Based on the results of systematic literature data, the authors concluded that neuroplasticity of the spinal locomotor center and supraspinal centers of movement regulation is proven, and indicate the expediency of searching for methods which activating the plasticity of the central nervous system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.