References

mvjr

Медицинский вестник Юга России

Medical Herald of the South of Russia

2219-80752618-7876

The Rostov State Medical University

10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-2-97-105

mvjr-1710

Research Article

НЕВРОЛОГИЯ

NEUROLOGY

Хроническая травматическая энцефалопатия у спортсменов

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-6330

Яковленко

Ю. Г.

Yakovlenko

Y. G.

Юрий Георгиевич Яковленко, к. м. н., врач-нейрохирург, ассистент

отделение нейрохирургическое Клиники

кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии

Ростов-на-Дону

Yury G. Yakovlenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Neurosurgeon, Assistant

Department of Neurosurgery

Faculty of Professional Retraining

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery

Rostov-on-Don

yuyakovlenko@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-089X

Фомин

В. Л.

Fomin

V. L.

Виктор Леонидович Фомин, к. м. н., доцент

кафедра спортивных дисциплин

Ростов-на-Дону

Victor L. fomin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Department of Sporting Disciplines

Rostov-on-Don

vifoma@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-9823

Чертов

Н. В.

Chertov

N. V.

Николай Викторович Чертов, к. п. н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой

кафедра спортивных дисциплин

Ростов-на-Дону

icolay V. Chertov, Cand. Sci. (Ped.), Head of the Department

Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Department of Sporting Disciplines

Rostov-on-Don

chertov@sfedu.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-2734

Чертов

О. В.

Chertov

O. V.

Олег Викторович Чертов, доцент

кафедра спортивных дисциплин

Ростов-на-Дону

Oleg V. Chertov, associate professor

Academy of Physical Culture and Sports

Department of Sporting Disciplines

Rostov-on-Don

chertov@sfedu.ru

Ростовский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

Южный федеральный университетРоссияSouthern Federal UniversityRussian Federation

2023

28062023

14297105

2023

Яковленко Ю.Г., Фомин В.Л., Чертов Н.В., Чертов О.В.

Yakovlenko Y.G., Fomin V.L., Chertov N.V., Chertov O.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1710

Проблема хронической травматической энцефалопатии является крайне актуальной как с медицинской, так и со спортивной точек зрения. К сожалению, в отечественной литературе на сегодняшний день данный вопрос обсуждается недостаточно. Последствия повторяющихся лёгких черепно-мозговых травм в спорте играют важную социальную роль, что определяет актуальность изучения проблемы и необходимость разработки методов её решения. В данной статье представлен краткий обзор литературы о хронических последствиях повторяющихся лёгких черепно-мозговых травм у спортсменов преимущественно контактных видов спорта. Приведены статистические данные распространённости хронической травматической энцефалопатии в профессиональных и непрофессиональных спортивных ассоциациях. Обсуждается вопрос об условиях развития и механизмах патогенеза изучаемой патологии. Описаны изменения вещества головного мозга на микроструктурном уровне, патологические биохимические реакции и факторы генетической предрасположенности. Указаны современные критерии клинической диагностики травматической энцефалопатии, а также критерии дифференциальной диагностики с другими нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. Кратко представлены основные патогенетические механизмы развития клинически сходных, но исключительно генетически обусловленных нейродегенераций. Приведены адаптированная классификация сотрясения головного мозга у спортсменов и критерии возвращения к спортивным мероприятиям после лёгкой черепно-мозговой травмы. Отдельное внимание уделяется рентгенологической диагностике травматической энцефалопатии, основанной на современных методах нейровизуализации, таких как магнитно-резонансная волюметрия и позитронно-эмиссионная томография. В завершении статьи приводятся данные о перспективных направлениях разработки методов лечения изучаемого заболевания.

The problem of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is extremely relevant from both medical and sports points of view. Unfortunately, in the domestic literature to date, this issue is not discussed enough. The consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in sports play an important social role, which determines the relevance of studying the problem and the need to develop methods for solving it. This article provides a brief review of the literature on the chronic consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in athletes predominantly in contact sports. Statistical data on the prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in professional and non-professional sports associations are given. The issue of development conditions and mechanisms of pathogenesis of the studied pathology is discussed. Changes in the substance of the brain at the microstructural level, pathological biochemical reactions and factors of genetic predisposition are described. Modern criteria for the clinical diagnosis of traumatic encephalopathy, as well as criteria for differential diagnosis with other neurodegenerative diseases, are indicated. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of clinically similar, but exclusively genetically determined neurodegenerations are briefly presented. An adapted classification of concussion in athletes and criteria for returning to sports activities after a mild traumatic brain injury are given. Special attention is paid to the radiological diagnosis of traumatic encephalopathy, based on modern methods of neuroimaging, such as magnetic resonance volumetry and positron emission tomography. At the end of the article, data are presented on promising directions for the development of methods for treating the disease under study.

хроническая травматическая энцефалопатиялёгкая черепно-мозговая травманейродегенеративные заболеванияспортсмены

chronic traumatic encephalopathymild traumatic brain injuryneurodegenerative diseasesathletes

Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки

The study did not have sponsorship

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.