<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2022-13-4-14-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-1705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>3.2.4 МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатели функции внешнего дыхания и факторы риска респираторных заболеваний у пожарных Алматы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spirometry and respiratory disease risk factors in firefighters in Almaty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-6237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винников</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinnikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Винников Денис Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, ассоциированный профессор, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией здоровья и окружающей среды КазНУ им. аль-Фараби.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Vinnikov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Associate, Head of environmental health science lab of al-Farabi Kazakh National university.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisvinnikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-7179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулеков</surname><given-names>Ж. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulekov</surname><given-names>Z. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тулеков Жангир Даирович - научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории здоровья и окружающей среды.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhangir D. Tulekov - researcher of environmental health science lab of al-Farabi Kazakh National university.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tulekov.zhangir@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-6453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрижаков</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strizhakov</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стрижаков Леонид Александрович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель Центра профессиональной патологии Минздрава России, профессор кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid A. Strizhakov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Center of occupational pathology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Professor of the department of internal, occupational Diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strizhakov76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-737X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабанов</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабанов Сергей Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой профессиональных болезней и клинической фармакологии имени з.д.н. РФ, профессора Косарева В.В.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Babanov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Z.D.N. of the Russian Federation Professor Kosarev V.V., Samara State Medical University.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.a.babanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-0328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврентьева</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrentyeva</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаврентьева Наталья Евгениевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры профессиональных болезней и клинической фармакологии имени з.д.н. РФ, профессора В.В. Косарева.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia E. Lavrentyeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Z.D.N. of the Russian Federation Professor Kosarev V.V., Samara State Medical University.</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lavrenteva.natalia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби; Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Farabi Kazakh national university; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Farabi Kazakh national university</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Винников Д.В., Тулеков Ж.Д., Стрижаков Л.А., Бабанов С.A., Лаврентьева Н.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Винников Д.В., Тулеков Ж.Д., Стрижаков Л.А., Бабанов С.A., Лаврентьева Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vinnikov D.V., Tulekov Z.D., Strizhakov L.A., Babanov S.A., Lavrentyeva N.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1705">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1705</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучение респираторных жалоб и показателей функции внешнего дыхания, а также отдельных факторов риска работников противопожарной службы города Алматы. Материал и методы: на периодическом медосмотре работников противопожарной службы города Алматы (N=1379, мужчин 91%) проведена оценка выраженности респираторных жалоб с помощью опросников CAT (COPD Assessment Test) и mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council), факторов риска (курение, воздействие вторичного табачного дыма, использование твёрдого топлива для отопления и приготовления пищи и регулярная физическая активность), а также спирометрия с измерением жизненной ёмкости лёгких (ЖЕЛ), форсированной ЖЕЛ (ФЖЕЛ) и объёма форсированной выдоха за первую секунду (ОФВ1). Результаты: медианный возраст составил 28 (межквартильный интервал — (МКИ) 25–35) лет, стаж работы — 5 (МКИ 3–13) лет. 41% работников ежедневно курили сигареты (значительно больше среди мужчин — 43 и 16%), 93% подвержены воздействию вторичного табачного дыма и только 57% регулярно занимались спортом. При низкой выраженности респираторных жалоб общая распространённость снижения постбронходилатационного ОФВ1/ФЖЕЛ менее минимального уровня нормальности среди мужчин составила 2%, а диагноз хронического бронхита ранее отмечен у 2% обследованных. Выводы: эффект здорового рабочего у работников противопожарной службы города Алматы обуславливает очень низкую распространённость бронхообструктивного синдрома среди обследованных, несмотря на значительную распространённость курения. Необходимо планирование и проведение проспективных наблюдений за показателями функции внешнего дыхания работников противопожарной службы для динамической оценки респираторного здоровья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to ascertain respiratory symptoms, lung function and selected respiratory disease risk factors in firefighters of the city of Almaty. Materials and methods: N=1379, 91% males, firefighters working in Almaty were recruited at the annual screening, where CAT (COPD Assessment Test) and mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) questionnaires were offered to quantify the severity of respiratory symptoms. We also assessed respiratory risk factors, including cigarette smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, fossil fuel use for heating and cooking, and regular physical activity, followed by spirometry. Vital capacity (VC), forced VC (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured. Results: Median age was 28 (interquartile range (IQR) 25-35) years, years in service median 5 (IQR 3-13) years. 41% of employees were daily cigarette smokers (significantly more among males, 43 vs. 16%), whereas 93% were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and only 57% were engaged in regular leisure physical activity. With the overall low score of respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC reduction below lower limit of normality in males was 2%, whereas the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in the past was found in 2% of participants. Conclusions: healthy worker effect in firefighters of Almaty can explain very low prevalence of bronchoobstructive syndrome among those enrolled in this analysis, even despite high smoking prevalence.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожарные</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>вредные факторы</kwd><kwd>профпатология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>firefighters</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>hazards</kwd><kwd>occupational</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherry N, Beach J, Galarneau JM. Are Inflammatory Markers an Indicator of Exposure or Effect in Firefighters Fighting a Devastating Wildfire? Follow-up of a Cohort in Alberta, Canada. Ann Work Expo Health. 2021;65(6):635-648. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherry N, Beach J, Galarneau JM. Are Inflammatory Markers an Indicator of Exposure or Effect in Firefighters Fighting a Devastating Wildfire? Follow-up of a Cohort in Alberta, Canada. Ann Work Expo Health. 2021;65(6):635-648. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berglund AJ, Kim J, Walter RJ, McCann ET, Morris MJ. Longitudinal Changes in Spirometry in Deployed Air Force Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med. 2022;64(2):146-150. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002369</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berglund AJ, Kim J, Walter RJ, McCann ET, Morris MJ. Longitudinal Changes in Spirometry in Deployed Air Force Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med. 2022;64(2):146-150. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002369</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiden MD, Ferrier N, Nolan A, Rom WN, Comfort A, et al. Obstructive airways disease with air trapping among firefighters exposed to World Trade Center dust. Chest. 2010;137(3):566-574. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1580</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiden MD, Ferrier N, Nolan A, Rom WN, Comfort A, et al. Obstructive airways disease with air trapping among firefighters exposed to World Trade Center dust. Chest. 2010;137(3):566-574. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1580</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крийт В.Е., Сладкова Ю.Н., Санников М.В., Пятибрат А.О. Гигиенические аспекты трудовой деятельности пожарных. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2020;(8):494-501. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-8-494-501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kriyt V.E., Sladkova Yu.N., Sannikov M.V., Pyatibrat A.O. Hygienic aspects of firefighters’ labour activity. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology. 2020;(8):494-501. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-8-494-501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гребенюк А.Н., Кушнир Л.А. Оценка профессионального риска здоровью пожарных от воздействия химических веществ. Медицина труда и промышленная экология. 2010;(12):10–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grebeniuk A.N., Koushnir LA. Evaluating occupational risk for firemen health due to exposure. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology. 2010;(12):10–14. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башарин В.А., Гребенюк А.Н., Маркизова Н.Ф., Преображенская Т.Н., Сарманаев С.Х., Толкач П.Г. Химические вещества как поражающий фактор пожаров. Военно-Медицинский Журнал. 2015;336(1):22-28. eLIBRARY ID: 26169004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basharin V.A., Grebenyuk A.N., Markizova N.F., Preobrazhenskaya T.N., Sarmanaev S.Kh., Tolkach P.G. Chemicals as fires damaging factor. Military medical journal. 2015;336(1):22-28. (In Russ.) eLIBRARY ID: 26169004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бударина Л.А., Рукавишников В.С., Кудаева И.В., Ефимова Н.В. Риск развития производственно обусловленных нарушений здоровья у пожарных при остром и хроническом воздействии вредных веществ. Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук. 2007;(6):13–17. eLIBRARY ID: 12365198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budarina L.A., Rukavishnikov V.S., Kudayeva I.V., Efimova N.V. Development risk of production-caused health disorders in fire fighters in acute and chronic exposure to harmful substances. Acta biomedica scientifica (east siberian biomedical journal). 2007;(6):13–17. eLIBRARY ID: 12365198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельник А.А., Антонов А.В., Мартинович Н.В., Татаркин И.Н. Оценка влияния продуктов горения на личный состав пожарно-спасательных подразделений при выполнении действий по тушению пожаров. Сибирский пожарно-спасательный вестник. 2018;3(10):33-37. eLIBRARY ID: 36311516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melnik A.A., Antonov A.V., Martinovich N.V., Tatarkin I.N. Assessment of influence of products of burning on staff of rescue and firefighting divisions when performing actions for suppression of the fires. Siberian fire and rescue bulletin. 2018;3(10):33-37. (In Russ.) eLIBRARY ID: 36311516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halpin DMG, Criner GJ, Papi A, Singh D, Anzueto A, et al. Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(1):24-36. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202009-3533SO</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halpin DMG, Criner GJ, Papi A, Singh D, Anzueto A, et al. Global Initiative for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(1):24-36. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202009-3533SO</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adeloye D, Chua S, Lee C, Basquill C, Papana A, et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(2):020415. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.05.020415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adeloye D, Chua S, Lee C, Basquill C, Papana A, et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(2):020415. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.05.020415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinnikov D, Raushanova A, Kyzayeva A, Romanova Z, Tulekov Z, et al. Lifetime Occupational History, Respiratory Symptoms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from a Population-Based Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:3025-3034. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S229119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinnikov D, Raushanova A, Kyzayeva A, Romanova Z, Tulekov Z, et al. Lifetime Occupational History, Respiratory Symptoms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from a Population-Based Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:3025-3034. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S229119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanc PD, Annesi-Maesano I, Balmes JR, Cummings KJ, Fishwick D, et al. The Occupational Burden of Nonmalignant Respiratory Diseases. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(11):1312-1334. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201904-0717ST</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanc PD, Annesi-Maesano I, Balmes JR, Cummings KJ, Fishwick D, et al. The Occupational Burden of Nonmalignant Respiratory Diseases. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(11):1312-1334. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201904-0717ST</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinnikov D, Rybina T, Strizhakov L, Babanov S, Mukatova I. Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;7:614827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.614827</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinnikov D, Rybina T, Strizhakov L, Babanov S, Mukatova I. Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;7:614827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.614827</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70-e88. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70-e88. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levasseur JL, Hoffman K, Herkert NJ, Cooper E, Hay D, Stapleton HM. Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: A pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures. Sci Total Environ. 2022;834:155237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levasseur JL, Hoffman K, Herkert NJ, Cooper E, Hay D, Stapleton HM. Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: A pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures. Sci Total Environ. 2022;834:155237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fent KW, Mayer AC, Toennis C, Sammons D, Robertson S, et al. Firefighters' urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites after controlled-residential and training fire responses. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022;242:113969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fent KW, Mayer AC, Toennis C, Sammons D, Robertson S, et al. Firefighters' urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites after controlled-residential and training fire responses. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022;242:113969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chin DL, Kyung M, Li J, Phelps S, Hong O. The short form effort−reward imbalance: Measure of occupational stress for firefighters. Am J Ind Med. 2022;65(6):492–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23355</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chin DL, Kyung M, Li J, Phelps S, Hong O. The short form effort−reward imbalance: Measure of occupational stress for firefighters. Am J Ind Med. 2022;65(6):492–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23355</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakirun MA, Dousin O. Conceptualizing the Relationship between Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance Using the Job Demand Control Support Theory: The Case of Firefighters in Malaysia. Int J Hum Resour Stud. 2022;12(1):114–114. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v12i1.19179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakirun MA, Dousin O. Conceptualizing the Relationship between Stress, Job Satisfaction and Job Performance Using the Job Demand Control Support Theory: The Case of Firefighters in Malaysia. Int J Hum Resour Stud. 2022;12(1):114–114. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v12i1.19179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinnikov D, Tulekov Z, Akylzhanov A, Romanova Z, Dushpanova A, Kalmatayeva Z. Age and work duration do not predict burnout in firefighters. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6643-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinnikov D, Tulekov Z, Akylzhanov A, Romanova Z, Dushpanova A, Kalmatayeva Z. Age and work duration do not predict burnout in firefighters. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6643-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелентьев А.В., Бабанов С.А., Стрижаков Л.А., Винников Д.В., Острякова Н.А. Проблемы профессионального отбора и эффект здорового рабочего в медицине труда. Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2021;65(4):394-399. https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-4-394-399</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melentev A.V., Babanov S.A., Strizhakov L.A., Vinnikov D.V. Problems of professional selection and the effect of the healthy worker in occupational health. Health care of the Russian Federation. 2021;65(4):394-399. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-4-394-399</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li CY, Sung FC. A review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiology. Occup Med (Lond). 1999;49(4):225-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/49.4.225</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li CY, Sung FC. A review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiology. Occup Med (Lond). 1999;49(4):225-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/49.4.225</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miedinger D, Chhajed PN, Stolz D, Gysin C, Wanzenried AB, et al. Respiratory symptoms, atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity in professional firefighters. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(3):538-544. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00015307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miedinger D, Chhajed PN, Stolz D, Gysin C, Wanzenried AB, et al. Respiratory symptoms, atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity in professional firefighters. Eur Respir J. 2007;30(3):538-544. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00015307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Witt M, Goniewicz M, Pawłowski W, Goniewicz K, Biczysko W. Analysis of the impact of harmful factors in the workplace on functioning of the respiratory system of firefighters. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(3):406-410. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1233561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Witt M, Goniewicz M, Pawłowski W, Goniewicz K, Biczysko W. Analysis of the impact of harmful factors in the workplace on functioning of the respiratory system of firefighters. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(3):406-410. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1233561</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slattery F, Johnston K, Paquet C, Bennett H, Crockett A. The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18(1):149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-018-0711-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slattery F, Johnston K, Paquet C, Bennett H, Crockett A. The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18(1):149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-018-0711-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
