mvjrМедицинский вестник Юга РоссииMedical Herald of the South of Russia2219-80752618-7876The Rostov State Medical University10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-1-66-74mvjr-1632Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYФакторы патогенности Acinetobacter baumanniiPathogenicity factors of Acinetobacter baumanniihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-9891ГудуеваЕ. Н.GuduevaE. N.

Гудуева Елена Николаевна, научный сотрудник лаборатории «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов» 

Ростов-на-Дону

Elena N. Gudueva, research assistant at the laboratory “Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms” 

Rostov-on-Don

gudueva_en@antiplague.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-2878ЧемисоваО. С.ChemisovaO. S.

Чемисова Ольга Сергеевна, к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией «Коллекция патогенных микроорганизмов» 

Ростов-на-Дону

Olga S. Chemisova, Cand. Sci. (Bio.), Head of the laboratory “Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms” 

Rostov-on-Don

chemisova_os@antiplague.ruРостовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институт РоспотребнадзораРоссияRostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Research InstituteRussian Federation2023280320231416674Copyright © Гудуева Е.Н., Чемисова О.С., 20232023Гудуева Е.Н., Чемисова О.С.Gudueva E.N., Chemisova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1632

Acinetobacter baumannii — грамотрицательный, аэробный, оксидазонегативный микроорганизм, патоген, вызывающий серьёзные внутрибольничные инфекции, а также внебольничные пневмонии, особенно у людей с ослабленным иммунитетом и полиорганными заболеваниями. A. baumannii долгое время выживает на различных поверхностях, медицинском оборудовании. По данным всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), этот микроорганизм представляет угрозу для здоровья человека. В обзоре описаны основные факторы патогенности A. baumannii: белки наружной мембраны, пили, ЛПС, капсула, сидерофоры, биопленкообразование, системы секреции. Поиск литературы был осуществлен с помощью баз данных «Scopus», «Web of Science», «РИНЦ», «MedLine» в период с 1992 по 2022 гг. Подбор литературных источников был выполнен по наличию в них информации по изучению факторов патогенности Acinetobacter baumannii. Было выбрано 60 источников литературы. Поиск проведён с помощью ключевых слов и словосочетаний, таких как «A. Baumannii», «факторы патогенности», «белки наружной мембраны», «пили», «ЛПС», «капсула», «сидерофоры», «образование биопленок», «системы секреции». В обзоре представлены последние достижения зарубежных и отечественных авторов. A. baumannii, как и другие возбудители, для возникновения инфекции требует согласованной работы разных факторов патогенности. В совокупности факторы патогенности дают возможность микроорганизму выживать в больничных условиях. Данные научных исследований свидетельствуют о высокой степени гетерогенности штаммов A. baumannii. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть нацелены на молекулярно-генетические исследования механизмов патогенности, возникновения резистентности к антимикробным препаратам. Понимание того, какие механизмы и факторы способствуют вирулентности штаммов необходимо для разработки новых методов борьбы с A. baumannii. 

Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram–negative, aerobic, oxidase-negative microorganism, a pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infections, as well as community-acquired pneumonia, especially in people with weakened immunity and multiple organ diseases, all over the world. A. baumannii survives for a long time on various surfaces, medical equipment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this microorganism is classified as a threat to human health. The review describes the main factors of pathogenicity of A. baumannii: outer membrane proteins, pili, LPS, capsule, siderophores, biofilm formation, secretion systems. The literature search was carried out using databases “Scopus”, “Web of Science”, “RSCI”, “MedLine”, in the period from 1992 to 2022. The selection of literature sources was carried out based on the availability of information on the study of pathogenicity factors of Acinetobacter baumannii. 60 literature sources were selected that meet the necessary criteria. The search was carried out using keywords and phrases, such as “A. baumannii”, “pathogenicity factors”, “outer membrane proteins”, “pili”, “LPS”, “capsule”, “siderophores”, “biofilm formation”, “secretion systems”. The review presents the latest achievements obtained by foreign and domestic authors. A. baumannii, like other pathogens, requires the coordinated work of various pathogenicity factors for the occurrence of infection. Together, pathogenicity factors enable the microorganism to survive in hospital conditions. Scientific research data indicate a high degree of heterogeneity of A. baumannii strains. Further research should be aimed at molecular genetic studies of the mechanisms of pathogenicity, the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Understanding what mechanisms and factors contribute to the virulence of strains is necessary for the development of new methods of combating A. baumannii.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.