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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2022-13-3-50-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-1574</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХИАТРИЯ И НАРКОЛОГИЯ. «ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПОЛОВОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ»</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHIATRY AND NARCOLOGY. «CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF GENDER IDENTITY»</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические и социально-демографические факторы, влияющие на социальную адаптацию лиц с гендерным несоответствием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and socio-demographic factors influencing social adaptation in individuals with gender incongruence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-9127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovieva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьева Надежда Валентиновна - генеральный директор, врач-психиатр, Научный центр персонализированной медицины; научный сотрудник, Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda V. Solovieva - general director, psychiatrist, Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine; researcher, N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drsnv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-0291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кременицкая</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremenitskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кременицкая Светлана Анатольевна - врач-психиатр, Научный центр персонализированной медицины; научный сотрудник, Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Kremenitskaya - psychiatrist, Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine; researcher, N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kremenickaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-8475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Екатерина Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-эндокринолог, Научный центр персонализированной медицины; старший научный сотрудник, Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Makarova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), endocrinologist, Scientific Center for Personalized Medicine; senior researcher, N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rue-royal@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр персонализированной медицины; Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Personalized Medicine; N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соловьева Н.В., Кременицкая С.А., Макарова Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловьева Н.В., Кременицкая С.А., Макарова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solovieva N.V., Kremenitskaya S.A., Makarova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1574">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1574</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: выявить потенциально обратимые клинические и социально-демографические факторы, влияющие на социальную адаптацию пациентов с гендерным несоответствием (ГН). Материалы и методы: был проведён ретроспективный анализ 926 карт пациентов с ГН MtF и FtM. Результаты: среди обратившихся 44,38% пациентов были MtF, 55,62% были FtM. Средний возраст составил 24,0 года (от 13 до 65 лет). Образовательный уровень пациентов преимущественно представлен высшим (44,2%) и средним специальным (22,3%) образованием, 43% лиц проживали в селе, 57% — в городской местности. Большинство обратившихся выросло в полной семье (82,02%). Первые проявления ГН стартовали преимущественно в парапубертатном (26,4%) и препубертатном (61,6%) периоде (до 13 лет). Средний возраст принятия себя трансгендерным человеком составил 17,0 лет. Шаги по снижению дисфории и получению специализированной помощи, как правило, совершаются после 20 лет. Депрессивные эпизоды имели 83,1% трансгендерных пациентов, у трети (38,5%) отмечалась аутоагреcсия. Дополнительные психиатрические диагнозы имелись у 24,5% пациентов и представлены тремя группами заболеваний: первая группа (6,2%) — потенциально обратимые невротические расстройства, вторая группа (14,1%) — фоновые психические заболевания, не являющиеся причиной ГН, третья группа (4,3%) — иные психические состояния с «идеями смены пола». Выводы: с целью улучшения социальной адаптации и профилактики эмоциональных и психологических переживаний у лиц с ГН, помощь возможна на нескольких уровнях (семья, образовательные учреждения, медицинское сообщество, пациентские организации).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to identify potentially reversible clinical and socio-demographic factors influencing the social adaptation of patients with gender incongruence (GI). Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 926 patient records with MtF and FtM GI was performed. Results: among the patients who applied, 44.38% were MtF, 55.62% were FtM. The mean age was 24.0 years (from 13 to 65 years). The educational level of patients is mainly represented by higher (44.2%) and specialized (22.3%) education, 43% of persons lived in the village, 57% - in urban areas. The majority of those who applied grew up in a complete family (82.02%). The first manifestations of GI started mainly in the prepubertal (26.4%) and parapubertal (61.6%) period (up to 13 years). The average age of accepting oneself as a transgender person was 17.0 years. Steps to reduce dysphoria and receive specialized care are usually taken after the age of 20. 83.1% of transgender patients had depressive episodes, and a third (38.5%) had autoaggression. Additional psychiatric diagnoses were present in 24.5% of patients and are represented by 3 groups of diseases: group 1 (6.2%) — potentially reversible neurotic disorders; group 2 (14.1%) — background mental illnesses that are not the cause of GI; group 3 (4.3%) — other mental states with “ideas of sex change”. Conclusions: improvement of social adaptation and prevention of emotional and psychological experiences in persons with GI, assistance is possible at several levels: family, educational institutions, medical community, patient organizations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансгендерное здоровье</kwd><kwd>социальная адаптация</kwd><kwd>гендерное несоответствие</kwd><kwd>гендерная дисфория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transgender health</kwd><kwd>social adaptation</kwd><kwd>gender incongruence</kwd><kwd>gender dysphoria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuss J, Auer MK, Briken P. Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: a review of recent research. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015;28(6):430-4. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuss J, Auer MK, Briken P. 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