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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2021-12-2-28-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-1382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Орфанные заболевания и связанные с ними проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Orphan diseases and associated problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4791-8017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашель</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashel</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шашель Виктория Алексеевна, д.м.н., проф., заведующая кафедрой педиатрии №1</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Shashel, Dr.Sci.(Med), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics No.1</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veta52@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-510X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фирсова Виолетта Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии №1</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta N. Firsova, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics No.1</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vela.firsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-7403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубилина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubilina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубилина Марина Михайловна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии №1</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina M. Trubilina, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics No.1</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ddc-dkkb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подпорина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podporina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подпорина Людмила Анатольевна, ассистент кафедры педиатрии №1</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ljudmila A. Podporina, Assistant of the Department of Pediatrics No.1</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volodina.68@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-5644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фирсов Никита Алексеевич, учащийся</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Firsov, student</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">knazovv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гимназия №92</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gymnasium №92</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шашель В.А., Фирсова В.Н., Трубилина М.М., Подпорина Л.А., Фирсов Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шашель В.А., Фирсова В.Н., Трубилина М.М., Подпорина Л.А., Фирсов Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shashel V.A., Firsova V.N., Trubilina M.M., Podporina L.A., Firsov N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1382">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1382</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучить основные аспекты оказания помощи детям с орфанными заболеваниями в Российской Федерации. Материалы и методы: для реализации указанной цели были изучены наиболее актуальные литературные источники, содержание которых освещало представления об орфанных заболеваниях в различных странах мира и в РФ, а также тактику и регулирование механизмов помощи пациентам с редкими болезнями. Результаты: исследование показало, что далеко не во всех странах существует законодательное регулирование оказания помощи орфанным пациентам и наиболее передовыми в этом отношении являются США и страны Западной Европы, где определены четкие критерии определения орфанной патологии, а также предпринимается ряд мер для повышения качества медицинского обслуживания больных с редкими заболеваниями. Эти мероприятия направлены не только на улучшение работы в системе здравоохранения, но и поощряют фармацевтические компании к разработке и производству лекарственных средств, а также способствуют научным исследованиям в указанной области. рассмотренный в статье клинический случай дает представление о редких заболеваниях, сложностях их диагностики, тяжести течения и лекарственных средствах, которые необходимы для помощи пациентам. Выводы: орфанные заболевания в последние десятилетия стали объектом пристального внимания со стороны системы здравоохранения и национального законодательства. Их чрезвычайно низкая распространённость в человеческой популяции создаёт затруднения с своевременной постановкой диагноза, оказанием квалифицированной медицинской помощи и лекарственным обеспечением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the main aspects of assistance to children with orphan diseases in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: the most relevant literature sources were studied that covered a concept of orphan diseases in various countries of the world and in the Russian Federation as well as the tactics and regulation of mechanisms for helping patients with rare diseases. Results: the study showed that not all countries have legislative regulations of assistance to orphan patients. The United States and Western Europe are the most advanced in this regard. They have clear criteria for determining orphan pathology and a number of measures are taken to improve the quality of medical care for patients with rare diseases. These activities are not only aimed at improving the health care system but also encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop and produce medicines as well as contribute to the research in this area. The clinical cases covered in the article provide an idea of rare diseases, the complexity of their diagnosis, the severity of the course, and the drugs that are necessary to help patients. Conclusion: orphan diseases have been the focus of attention by the health system and national legislation in the past decades. Their extremely low prevalence in the human population creates difficulties with the timely diagnosis, provision of qualified medical care, and drug provision.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>орфанные заболевания</kwd><kwd>препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>orphan diseases</kwd><kwd>drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подвязникова М.В. 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