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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2021-12-2-54-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-1363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патоморфологические изменения в сосудах легких в разные сроки летальных исходов больных при COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathomorphological changes in pulmonary vessels at different terms of lethal outcomes of patients with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-5606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тодоров</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Todorov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тодоров Сергей Сергеевич, д.м.н., доцент кафедры оперативной хирургии, клинической анатомии и патологической анатомии, руководитель морфологического отдела клиники, врач-патологоанатом высшей категории</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Todorov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery, Clinical Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, head of the morphological department of the clinic, pathologist of the highest category</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sertodorov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерибас</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deribas</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дерибас Виктория Юрьевна, заведующий отделением, врач-патологоанатом высшей категории, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria Y. Deribas, head of the department, pathologist of the highest category, assistant of the department of pathological anatomy</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deribasv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-3416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казьмин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazmin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казьмин Андрей Сергеевич, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии, врач-патологоанатом высшей категории</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Kazmin, Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pathologist of the Highest Category</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazmin_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-5334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резникова</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznikova</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резникова Галина Леонидовна, кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач, врач-патологоанатом высшей категории</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina L. Reznikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief Physician, Pathologist of the Highest Category</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ropab.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-6487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаренко Юрий Маркович, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделом организационно-методической работы</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri M. Makarenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Organizational and Methodological Work</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markovich1962@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-9902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полесовой</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polesovoy</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полесовой Филипп Валерьевич, заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением, врач-патологоанатом</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Philip V. Polesovoy, Head of the Pathology Department, Pathologist</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phill@spark-mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-4031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тодоров (мл)</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Todorov (jr)</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тодоров Сергей Сергеевич (мл.), студент лечебно-профилактического факультета</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Todorov (Jr.), student of the Faculty of Treatment and Prevention</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">todorov-00@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовское областное патологоанатомическое бюро</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Regional Bureau of Pathology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовская клиническая больница ЮОМЦ ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Clinical Hospital UOMC FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тодоров С.С., Дерибас В.Ю., Казьмин А.С., Резникова Г.Л., Макаренко Ю.М., Полесовой Ф.В., Тодоров (мл) С.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тодоров С.С., Дерибас В.Ю., Казьмин А.С., Резникова Г.Л., Макаренко Ю.М., Полесовой Ф.В., Тодоров (мл) С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Todorov S.S., Deribas V.Y., Kazmin A.S., Reznikova G.L., Makarenko Y.M., Polesovoy F.V., Todorov (jr) S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1363">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1363</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изучить патоморфологические изменения в сосудах легких в разные сроки летальных исходов больных при COVID-19. Материал и методы: проанализированы протоколы вскрытий 40 умерших при COVID-19 с гистологическим, гистохимическим исследованием, фоторегистрацией. Для определения степени поражений сосудов легких мы разработали и использовали шкалу полуколичественой оценки признака на основании подсчёта поражённых сосудов лёгких в 10 полях зрения, выраженное в процентах: отсутствие признака – (0%), слабый признак + (1 – 25%), умеренный признак ++ (26 – 50%), выраженный признак +++ (51 – 75%), резковыраженный признак ++++ (76 – 100%). Результаты: в течение первых 14 дней заболевания в сосудах микроциркуляторного русла отмечались стаз, набухание отдельных эндотелиоцитов. Через 15 – 21 дней развития COVID-19 в микрососудах отмечались признаки альтерации эндотелиоцитов, микротромбоз, а спустя 22 – 28 дней заболевания обнаруживались явления репарации и гиперплазии клеток эндотелия. В разные сроки развития заболевания в ткани легких отмечались явления острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома, интерстициальная пневмония, очаговый пневмофиброз. Выводы: при COVID-19 в лёгких имеет место прогрессирующая эндотелиопатия микрососудов, которая характеризуется набуханием, альтерацией, а в дальнейшем гиперплазией, регенерацией эндотелиоцитов в сочетании с микротромбозом. Деструктивные изменения стенок микрососудов лёгких носят поверхностный характер повреждения, без разрушения ретикулярного каркаса и базальных мембран. Эндотелиопатия, микротромбообразование микрососудов легких, интерстициальная пневмония создают порочный круг развития тяжелой дыхательной недостаточности, что необходимо учитывать в клинике для коррекции лечения больных COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the pathomorphological changes in the vessels of the lungs at diﬀerent times of death in patients with COVID-19. Material and methods: autopsy protocols of 40 deaths from COVID-19 with histological, histochemical examination, and photoregistration. To determine the degree of pulmonary vascular lesions, the authors developed and applied a semi-quantitative assessment scale for the sign based on counting the aﬀected lung vessels in 10 ﬁelds of view, expressed as a percentage: no sign – (0%), weak sign + (1-25%), moderate sign ++ (26-50%), expressed sign +++ (51-75%), highly expressed sign ++++ (76-100%). Results: during the ﬁrst 14 days of the disease, stasis and swelling of individual endotheliocytes were noted in the vessels of the microvasculature. After 15-21 days of the development of COVID-19, signs of alterations in endothelial cells and microthrombosis were observed in microvessels. After 22-28 days of the disease, the phenomena of repair and hyperplasia of endothelial cells were detected. At diﬀerent times of the development of the disease in the lung tissue, the phenomena of acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, and focal pneumoﬁbrosis were observed. Conclusions: the authors believe that COVID-19 is associated with a progressive microvascular endotheliopathy in the lungs which is characterized by swelling, alteration, and later, by hyperplasia, and regeneration of endothelial cells in combination with microthrombosis. Destructive changes in the walls of the microvessels of the lungs have superﬁcial character without the destruction of the reticular frame and basal membranes. Endotheliopathy, microthrombus formation of microvessels of the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia create a vicious circle of severe respiratory failure, which must be taken into account in the clinic to correct the treatment of patients with COVID-19.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патоморфология сосудов легких</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эндотелиопатия</kwd><kwd>микротромбоз сосудов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary vascular pathomorphology</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>endotheliopathy</kwd><kwd>vascular microthrombosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carsana L., Sonzogni A., Nasr A., Rossi R.S., Pellegrinelli A., et al. Pulmonary post-mortem ﬁndings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study. // Lancet Infect Dis. – 2020. – V.20(10). – P. 1135-1140. 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