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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mvjr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский вестник Юга России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Herald of the South of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2219-8075</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7876</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Rostov State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21886/2219-8075-2021-12-1-6-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mvjr-1357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль генетических и метаболических нарушений при остеопорозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of genetic and metabolic disorders in osteoporosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-556X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Людмила Валентиновна, д.м.н., проф., заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila V. Vasilyeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Therapist, Head of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases </p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">propedevtikavgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-7841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беззубцева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezzubtseva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беззубцева Екатерина Николаевна, аспирант 1 года обучения, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Bezzubtseva, Post-graduate student of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases </p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bezzubtsewa.ekaterina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гостева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gosteva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гостева Елена Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент, кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней </p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Gosteva, Cand. Sci. (Med), Associate Professor of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases </p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">propedevtikavgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-6222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстратова</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstratova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстратова Елизавета Федоровна, д.м.н., доц., кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней </p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eliveta F. Evstratova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases </p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева Л.В., Беззубцева Е.Н., Гостева Е.В., Евстратова Е.Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева Л.В., Беззубцева Е.Н., Гостева Е.В., Евстратова Е.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva L.V., Bezzubtseva E.N., Gosteva E.V., Evstratova E.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1357">https://www.medicalherald.ru/jour/article/view/1357</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеопороз — это прогредиентное мультифакториальное системное заболевание скелета, характеризующееся нарушением микроархитектоники костной ткани, приводящее к возникновению низкоэнергетических переломов и ухудшающее качество жизни индивидуумов. К факторам риска развития остеопороза относят курение, которое за счёт ингибирования всасывания кальция в кишечнике не только способствует развитию снижению плотности костной ткани, но и является предиктором возникновения бронхолёгочной патологии. Развивающееся при хронической обструктивной болезни легких системное воспаление, связанное с выработкой интерлейкинов (ИЛ)-6, ИЛ-1, ИЛ-8, фактора некроза опухоли α, стимулирует остеокластопосредованную резорбцию костной ткани, а низкий уровень остеопротогерина замыкает порочный круг. В клинической практике требуется определение маркеров резорбции костной ткани. Это и тартрат-резистентная кислая фосфатаза, 5β фракция которой сигнализирует об окончании процесса резорбции; это и гидроксипиридиновые сшивки (пиридолин (PYD) и деоксипиридолин), придающие стабилизацию молекуле костного коллагена. В развитии остеопороза не последнюю роль играют и генетические факторы. Наличие генотипа GG или аллеля G полиморфизма 283 А&gt; G (Bsml) гена VDR является предиктором остеопороза поясничных позвонков L1-L4. Замена цитозина на тимин (С&gt; Т) в экзоне 17 гена кальцитонина (CALCR) в положении 1340 ведёт к замене аминокислоты пролина (CCG) на лейцин (CTG) в положении 463 молекулы белка-рецептора и влияет на плотность кости. Но наиболее филогенетически древним механизмом регуляции развития и поддержания гомеостаза тканей за счёт контроля пролиферации, дифференциации, миграции и апоптоза клеток является сигнальный путь Wnt (СП-Wnt). Изменения в передаче сигнала Wnt, наблюдаемые при генетических мутациях, вызывают различные заболевания скелета человека. Системный поиск литературы проводился по базам данных Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoporosis is a progressive multifactorial systemic disease of the skeletal system characterized by the damage of the microarchitectonics of the bone tissue, which leads to the occurrence of low-energy fractures and impairment of the quality of life of individuals. The risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include smoking, which inhibits calcium absorption in the intestine and not only contributes to the reduction of bone density but also acts as a predictor of bronchopulmonary pathology. The systemic inflammation that develops in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, associated with the production of interleukins (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor – α, stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and a low level of osteoprotegerin closes the circle. In clinical practice, the determination of markers of bone resorption is required. This is a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, the 5β fraction of which signals the end of the resorption process; these are hydroxypyridine crosslinks – pyridoline (PYD) and deoxypyridoline, that stabilize the bone collagen molecule. Genetic factors also play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. The presence of the GG genotype or the G allele of the 283 A&gt; G polymorphism (Bsml) of the VDR gene is a predictor of osteoporosis of the lumbar vertebrae L1-L4. The substitution of cytosine for thymine (C&gt; T) in exon 17 of the calcitonin gene (CALCR) at position 1340 leads to the substitution of the amino acid proline (CCG) for leucine (CTG) at position 463 of the receptor protein molecule and affects bone density. But the most phylogenetically ancient mechanism for regulating the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis is the Wnt signaling pathway (SP-Wnt). Alterations in Wnt signaling observed in cases of genetic mutations cause various diseases of the human skeleton. A systematic literature search was carried out using the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science databases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>остеопротогерин</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>osteoprotegerin</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шапорова Н.Л., Трофимов В.Н. 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